| THE leading cause of neonatal mortality, also known as a silent killer since infants die before birth is recorded? | Neonatal tetanus |
| a spore forming, gram pos , relatively large, rod shaped anaerobic bacteria, found in soil and intestine and feces of various animals? | CLOSTRIDIUM Tetani |
| Tetanus is an infection caused by? | Clostridium Tetani |
| The pathogenicity of C. Tetani is in the exotoxins they produced. these toxins include? | 1)Tetanus toxin/ tetanospasmin
2) tatanolysin: the fuct of which is unknown. |
| Mode of Infection with | 1) entry body via wounf
2) stays in sporutlated form until anaerobic conditions are availble
3) under anaerobic conditions, germination and production of tetanospasmin
4) tetanospasmin spread via blood and lymphatics and binds to m. neurons
5) travel via axons to spinal cord
6) binds to site responsible for skeletal muscle contraction INHIBITION |
| tetanus infection occur via? | wound, burns, deep puncture, ear/dental infection, animal bites, abortion |
| production of the tetanus toxin occurs in only the growing bacteria, true or false? | true |
| the only vaccine prventable disease that is infectious but not contagious? | tetanus infection |
| seizures, muscle spasms, lockjaw, contraction of facial muscle fast pulse, fever and sweating | symptoms of tetanus infection |
| incubation period of T. infection | 3-21 days with an average of 8 days. |
| types of Tetanus infection? | uncommon types : local and cephalic
common types: generalised and neonatal |
| the type of tetanus that is milder and involves muscle contraction in the same anatomical area of injury. | local tetanus |
| this type of tetanus invloves ear or head injury and facial muscle contraction? | cephalic tetanus |
| descending pattern: lockjaw, stiff neck, diff. swallowing, rigid abdomen, back muscle spasm. death can occur when spasm interferes with respiration | generalised tetanus |
| neonatal tetanus is a form of generalised tetanus that infect neonates. this infection occurs in baby via? | non immune mothers. occurs via infection of unhealed umbilical stump cut with unsterile instrument. |
| diagnosis of c. tetanus is difficlut in culture since 2/3 is neg for c. tetanus. other diagnositic test include | Tetanus antibody: r/o meningitis, rabies |
| treatment of C. tetanus infection | kill c. tetani with penicillin/ tetracycline. neutralize toxin with tetanus immune globulin. immunity does not result after disease |
| to prevent T. infection, vaccination is advised. the vaccine and admistration include? | Tetanus toxoid( Td) if recovering from infection.
DTaP vaccine: give to children. however if older than 7, give only Td. administer booster every 10 yrs. |
