| The PP is important as it provides valuable information about the person’s 1)__________, provided that arterial compliance is 2)___________. | 1) stroke volume
2) normal arterial compliance |
| TRUE OR FALSE
All blood vessels are distensible but NOT ALL are equally compliant | TRUE |
| it is normally expressed as a fractional increase in volume for each mL of mercury rise of pressure in a given volume | vascular distensibility |
| it is the total quantity (volume) of blood that can be stored in a given part of the circulation of each unit of pressure | vascular compliance |
| formula for vascular compliance: | Vascular Compliance = Vascular distensibility X Volum |
| In normal state, the venous system contains a _______ volume of blood at a ________ pressure compared to arterial system | greater volume at a lower pressure |
| veins and venules are known as | capacitance vessels |
| In circulation,
if there's increased sympathetic outflow/stimulation: | - increased vascular tone
- increased pressure |
| NTK: | vascular tone |
| NTK: what is the major determinant of the resistance to blood flow through the circulation. | vascular tone |
| Vessel that is most compliant and distensible | VEINS |
| Why are veins the most compliant and distensible vessels? | Because even in a minute change in pressure, it still contains a large volume compared to the arterial system |
| Volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle during systole | stroke volume |
| NTK: The elastic rebound/recoild of the artery wall results in an additional force exerted on blood in the arteries, known as the | ‘Windkessel effect’ |
| Arterial system is compliant because of | elastic tissues |
| Without the compliance of the aorta, blood flow in the aorta and connected arteries would not be as | as continuous |
| is the arterial system compliant? | yes, but veins are the most compliant and distensible |
| What happens to the elastin content as a person starts to age? | elastin content is reduced |
| a paste-up made by sticking together pieces of paper or photographs to form an artistic image | collagen |
| When the artery is rigid, during diastole when aortic valve is closed, there is _______ of blood going to capillaries because arteriole wall did not expand – cannot recoil | NO FLOW OF BLOOD
(compared to an artery with lots of elastin:
during diastole, when there is recoil of the arterial system, blood flow continues even if the aortic blood is closed) |
| it is the maximal arterial pressure within the cardiac cycle | systolic pressure
= 120 mmHg |
| it is the minimal arterial pressure within a cardiac pressure | diastolic pressure
= 80 mm Hg |
| the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure | Pulse PressureEx:SBP = 120 mm HgDBP = 80 mm HgPP = 120 - 80 = 40 mmHg |
| Physical determinants of ABP: | fluid volume (blood volume)
vascular compliance (distensibility) |
| Physiologic determinants of ABP: | Cardiac output (Q)
Peripheral resistance (R)
-> represented in Ohm's law |
| Force exerted by the blood per unit area | blood pressure |
| indirect method of measuring the BP | auscultatory method |
| During the slow deflation of cuff when measuring the BP, blood will become turbulent producing audible vibrations known as | Korotkoff Sounds |
| Korotkoff sounds are mainly caused by | Mainly caused by the gush of blood through the partly occluded vessel |
| The first sound you hear when measuring BP: | Systolic pressure |
| The pressure at which the audible sound that disappears when measuring BP: | Diastolic pressure |
| Difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure | arterial pulse pressure (PP) |
| 2 major factors that affect the PP | Stroke Volume (SV)
Arterial compliance |
| equation for the arterial pulse pressure: | PP = SV / arterial compliance |
| we can estimate the PP using the values for the | systolic and diastolic pressure |
| The PP is important as it provides valuable information about the person’s 1)__________, provided that arterial compliance is 2)___________. | 1) stroke volume
2) normal arterial compliance |
| an increased SV will lead to a/an __________ PP | increased PP |
| a decreased compliance with normal SV will lead to a/an ______ PP | increased PPHOWEVER- there will still be an increased pressure rise and fall during systole and diastole because the aortic wall is rigid- more pressure is required to eject that vol of blood to maintain a normal vol of blood being ejected by the ventricle |
| Area under the arterial pressure curve divided by the time interval | MAP |
| MAP can be approximated using what formula? | MAP = DBP + (SBP - DBP / 3) |
| MAP has more weight on the diastolic BP than the systolic BP. WHY? | because the diastole is longer than the systole in the cardiac cycle |
| The sharp incisura represents the | closure of the aortic valve |
