| What is Toxicology? | A scientific discipline that overlaps with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine involves studying the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxins. |
| What are Allergens? | is an antigen that produces an abnormally potent immune response where the immune system targets and fights a threat or an invader that could potentially harm the body. They are recognized by the immune system to cause an allergic reaction. |
| What are Antigens? | it is a substance that is present on the surface of a pathogen that binds to an antigen-specific antibody (B cell antigen receptor). The presence of antigens causes antibody formation (immunogens) and triggers the body's immune response. |
| ?What are Neurotoxins? | it is referring to toxins that are destructive to nerve tissue. It is an extensive class of exogenous chemical, neurological insults that can adversely affect function in both developing and mature nervous tissue. |
| What are Mutagens? | a physical or chemical agent that causes an increase in D.N.A. modifications by altering the organism's D.N.A. |
| What are Teratogens? | Any agent that can disrupt embryonic or fetal development causes a child's congenital disability or may completely cease the pregnancy. These agents include radiation, maternal infections, chemicals, or drugs |
| What are Carcinogens? | any substance or agents that promote cancer development (carcinogenesis), causing genome damage or disruption of cells' metabolic processes. |
| What is Solubility? | An ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent and measured in terms of the maximum solute amount dissolved to produce a saturated solution. |
| What is Persistent Organic Pollutants (P.O.P.s).? | toxic chemicals that adversely affect human health and the environment around the world. Because they can be transported by wind and water, most POPs generated in one country can and do affect people and wildlife far from where they are used and released. Also called FOREVER CHEMICALS. |
| What is Acute effects? | A physiological reaction in a human or animal body causes severe symptoms that could rapidly develop through acute exposure to toxic substances. However, it may lead to chronic health effects if the cause is not removed |
| What is Chronic effects? | An adverse effect on animals or the human body with symptoms that develop slowly, due to prolonged and continuous exposure to low concentrations of a hazardous substance. |
| What is Risk Assessment? | The combined effort of identifying and analyzing potential events can negatively affect individuals, assets, and even the environment. It also makes mindful judgments on the tolerability of the risk analysis and examines factors influencing it. |
| What is Risk Management? | the evaluation, prioritization, and identification of risks followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to control, monitor, and minimize the probability or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities. |
| What is Soil Horizon? | A layer parallel to the surfaces of the soil whose biological, chemical, and physical characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath. Horizons are defined in many cases by noticeable physical features, mainly color and texture. |
| What is Macronutrients? | Nutrients that provide calories or energy and are required in large amounts to maintain body functions and carry out daily activities. |
| What is Micronutrients? | Nutrients in small quantities include vitamins, microminerals, and trace elements such as iron, cobalt, chromium, copper, iodine, manganese, selenium, and zinc molybdenum |
| What is Pesticides? | Chemical compounds used to eliminate pests, such as insects, rodents, fungi, and weeds. These chemicals are also used in public health to kill disease vectors (e.g., mosquitoes) and pests that damage crops. |
| What is Herbicide? | Pesticides used to kill unwanted plants (weeds). There are selective herbicides that explicitly target a weed/s by interfering with its growth without harming the desired crop |
| What is Insecticide? | any substances that formulate to eliminate or mitigate insects, including ovicides, which are used against insects and larvicides to kill insect larvae. |
| What is Fungicide? | Biocidal chemical compounds or biological organisms (plants or animals) used to kill parasitic fungi, or their spores can cause severe damage in agriculture, resulting in decreased yield, crop quality, and profit. |
| What is Aquaculture? | A process of cultivating aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, and mollusks for human consumption. In contrast to commercial fishing, which involves wild fish harvesting, aquaculture is a controlled cultivation process of freshwater and saltwater populations. |
| What is Mariculture? | It is a specialized branch of aquaculture (water) involving the cultivation of marine organisms for food and other products in the open ocean, an enclosed section of the sea, or in tanks, ponds, or raceways filled with seawater. |
| What is Health? | a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. |
| What is disease? | impairment of an individual's well-being and capacity to function—is mostly attributed to inadequate behavioral and environmental change. |
| What are the factors that result in morbidity (illness) and mortality (death)? | The factors are diet and nutrition, infectious agent, hereditary qualities, a poisonous substance, injury, and stress. |
| What is Environmental health? | focuses on disease-causing external factors, including elements of the natural, social, cultural, and
technological worlds in which we live. |
| What is Pollution? | a term used to describe the undesirable change in the environment brought by the introduction of harmful materials or the production of unhealthy conditions (heat, cold, sound). |
| What is contamination? | has a meaning similar to that of pollution and implies making something unsuitable for specific use through the introduction of unwanted materials. |
| What is Toxin? | refers to substances (pollutants) that are poisonous to living things. |
| What is Toxicology? | refers to the science that studies viruses or potential toxins. Toxicologists are scientists who
study in this field. |
| What is Carcinogen? | a toxin that increases cancer risk and is one of the most feared and controlled types of toxins in our society. |
| What are the factors in the Environmental Toxicity? | -Factors related to Toxic Agent
-Factors related to Exposure
-Related Factors to Organism |
| What is Solubility? | one of the essential characteristics in determining how, where, and when a toxic material will move through the environment. It also includes the body at its place of action. |
| What are the classification of chemical substances? | The classification of chemical substances divides into two main groups:
1. those that dissolve more easily in oil.
2. Those that dissolve more easily in water. |
| What is Exposure? | Just as there are many sources of toxins in our environment, there are many routes for the entry of dangerous substances into our bodies. Airborne toxins generally cause more ill-health compared to other sources. The complication in measuring toxicity is that significant differences in sensitivity exist between species. |
| What is Bioaccumulation? | The cell performs a selective absorption and storage of a variation of molecules. It allows them to accumulate nutrients and essential minerals, but at the same time, they also may absorb and store harmful substances through these same mechanisms |
| What is Biomagnification? | When organisms ingest other organisms making toxins accumulate from the base and concentrate in the highest
trophic level. |
| What is persistent organic pollutants (P.O.P.s) | are toxic chemicals that adversely affect human health and the environment around the world. They persist for long periods of time in the environment and can accumulate and pass from one species to the next through the food chain. |
| What is Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE)? | These are known as flame retardants usually used in textiles and plastics found in computers and appliances; these chemicals are now found in humans and other species everywhere globally. |
| What is Perfluoro octane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)? | are widely used as a nonstick, waterproof stain-resistant product such as Teflon, Gortex, Scotchguard, and Stainmaster. The industry makes use of their slippery, heat-stable properties to manufacture everything from airplanes and computers to cosmetics and household cleaners. |
| What is Phthalates (pronounced thalates)? | These are present in products such as deodorants, plastics, and cosmetics. Also present in products used for children's toys, medical equipment, and packaging for food. |
| What is Perchlorate? | a waterborne contaminant leftover of fuel utilized by rockets and from propellants. It includes the cause of pollution in our waters, especially in water used for irrigation. Thus allows it to enter the human food chain. |
| What is Bisphenol A (B.P.A.)? | widely used in various products such as bottled water and tooth-protecting sealants. It is a vital component in the creation of polycarbonate plastics. Furthermore, it is an environmental estrogen and may alter sexual
development in both males and females. |
| What is Atrazine? | a substance applied to crops such as corn, cereal grains, sugarcanes, and Christmas trees as herbicide in the United States of America. |
| What is Interactions? | Interactions happen because some substances have antagonistic reactions in which materials will interfere with the effects or will somehow stimulate the breakdown of other chemicals. |
| What is Synergism? | An interaction in which one substance intensifies the impact of another material. |
| Why is Synergism important? | It is an important concept that considers pollution at the same time. It is the interaction of different materials, which results in a total effect more significant than the added impact of separate substances. |
| What is Metabolic Mechanisms? | is the physiological mechanism by which the body takes in nutrients and delivers energy as required. |
| What is Repair Mechanisms? | Our body performs a damage repair function caused by exposure to regular wear-and-tear or toxic or hazardous materials. It allows individual cells to have enzymes to help repair the damage in the Deoxyribonucleic acid (D.N.A.) and protein at the molecular level, organs, and tissues. |
