| List the following critical functions of the blood: | Transports oxygen and nutrition to cells.
Regulates the acid-base balance pH.
It prefects the body against infection. |
| True or False : RBC is the major cellular element of the circulating blood. | True. |
| What substance in the blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells and carbon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs? | Hemoglobin Hbg. |
| What is the lifespan of an RBC? | 120 |
| What is the life span of WBC? | Several days to several years. |
| List the following risk factors of having low Hgb: | Less oxygen transported to cells.
Slower breakdown and use of nutrients by cells.
Less energy production.
Decrease cellular function. |
| The process in which the body arrests the flow of blood and prevent hemorrhage. | Hemostasis. |
| What are the actions that take place during Hemostasis? | Vessel spasm.
Platelet plug formation.
Clot formation. |
| True or False: Genetics determines blood group or type. | True. |
| True or False: Anemia is a condition which there is a below-normal about of RBCs causing decrease in Hgb and Hct. | True |
| List the some of the following causes of Anemia: | Pg. 263 |
| List the following signs and symptoms of Anemia: | Pg. 263 |
| What is the process by which bacteria, cellular debris, and solid particles are destroyed and removed. | Phagocytosis. |
| An increase in immature neutrophils indicates what? | An overwhelming bacterial infection. |
| B and T cells fit under which classifcation? | Lymphocytes. |
| What are WBCs that may be divided into two groups: T cells and B cells? | Lymphocytes. |
| What is released by the basophils during the invasion of an allergen? | Histamine. |
| The presence of excess band in the peripheral blood that indicate severe infection is calls: | Shift to the left. |
| What is the normal reading 24 hours after the administration of radioactive vitamin B12? | 8% to 40%. |
| Where are erythrocytes continuously produced, in an adult? | Red bone marrow. |
| What is a biconcave disk with no nucleus; it contains cytoplasm and hemoglobin, which give blood its rich red color? | Erythrocytes. |
| What are the normal values of eosinophils? | 1% to 4%. |
| What are WBCs that play a role in allergic reactions and are effective agaisnt certain parasitic worms? | Eosinophils. |
| List a following teaching plan for a patient with Hgb of 8.4mg? | Alternate activity with resting periods; need to conserve energy. |
| List a patient teaching when giving oral liquid iron? | Should be drunk through a straw to prevent tooth staining. |
| When dealing with a patient with sickle cell crisis, what should be the primary focus of care? | Pain control. |
| Long bone pain is the result of what? | Bone marrow that is congested with immature white cells. |
| What is required before a patient undergo a bone marrow transplant? | Total body irradiation, to kill off marrow cells. |
| True or False: Children with leukemia should have an annual influenza vaccine and a pneumococcal every 5 years. | True. |
| When caring for a patient with multiple myeloma, you should: | Supervise and assisted with ambulation. |
| What is positron emission tomography PET ordered to do? | Determine the extent of possible metastasis. |
| True or False: Peripheral smear allows the study of the size, structure, and shape of RBCs | True. |
| Repeated phlebotomies and medications such as busulfan are the typical medical treatment of polycythemia vera in order to: | Inhibit bone marrow activity. |
| What type of blood transfusions would a Jehovah's Witness faith accept? | Autologous blood transfusion. |
| What is the lifespan of a RBC? | 120 days. |
| What is the lifespan of WBC? | Several years. |
| What is the lifespan of platelets? | 5 to 9 days. |
| True or false: Recombinant factor VIII and IX have been mojor forward steps in the treatment of hemophilia. | True. |
| What is the preferred site for bone marrow aspiration puncture in adults? | Posterior iliac crest. |
| What replaces iron stored needed for red blood cell production? | Ferrous sulfate. |
| What type of leukocytes destroy and remove cellular waste, bacteria, and solid particles? | Neutrophils. |
| What are the two types of reactions that can occur? | Agglutination.
Hemolysis. |
| True or False: The lymphatic system is a subdivision of the cardiovascular system. | True. |
| List the following basic functions of the lymphatic system: | Maintenance of the fluid balance.
Productions of lymphocytes.
Absorption and transportation of lipids from intestine to the bloodstream. |
| True or False: Night sweats, weight loss, and fever, are referred to as "B" symptoms. | True. |
| True or False: The cervical lymph nodes are the affected first. | True. |
| What disease has no major risk factors but, occurs more frequently in people who have had mononucleosis. | Hodgkin's lymphoma. |
| True or False: Hodgkin's Lymphoma affects male twice as frequently as females. | True. |
| List following nursing interventions for lymphedema: | Good skin care.
Avoiding injury.
Inspecting the skin daily.
Emotional support.
Elevation of extremities while asleep.
Low sodium diet.
Elastic sleeves or stocking. |
| A primary or secondary disorder characterized by the accumulation of lymph in soft tissue and edema; also my be hereditary. | Lymphedema. |
| List the following nursing interventions for multiple myeloma: | Encourage ambulation.
Adequate hydration.
Teach patient how to avoid traumatic bone and injury and infection. |
| True or False: Weight bearing helps the bones reabsorb some calcium, and dilute calcium and prevents protein precipitates from causing renal tubular obstruction. | True. |
| List side effects of chemotherapy: | Pain.
Alopecia.
Infection.
Nausea and vomiting. |
| True or False: Vertebral destruction can lead to collapse of vertebrae with ensuing compression of the spinal cord. | True. |
| True or False: Multiple myeloma is a malignant neoplastic disease of the bone marrow. | True. |
| List the following nursing interventions for hemophilia: | Do not give aspirin.
Apply pressure and cold to the site. |
| True or False: Hemophilia affects mainly males; females are typically the carriers. | True. |
| List following medications with thrombocytopenic effects: | Aspirin.
Furosemide.
Ibuprofen.
Penicillin. |
| True or False: Hemophilia is a hereditary coagulation disorders that is characterized by the absence of certain blood-clotting factors. | True. |
| List the following nursing interventions for thrombocytopenia: | Avoid trauma.
Maintain high-fiber diet.
Use soft toothbrush.
Blow the nose gently. |
| True or false: Corticosteroids may help the disorder -Thrombocytopenia- if related to an autoimmune problem. | True. |
| True or false: Approximately 1g of every 10 to 20mg of iron is ingested in the duodenum. | True. |
| When administering iron remember: | Check for constipation or diarrhea.
If liquid iron, use straw to avoid straining teeth.
Do not administer with antacids.
Do not double dose, if dose is missed. |
| What is the most common cause of increased destruction of platelets? | Thrombocytopenic purpura. |
| True or false: Thrombocytopenia is a deficiency in the number of circulating platelets or chance in the function of platelets alters the process of coagulation. | True. |
| List the following signs of hypovolemia: | Confusion.
Anxiety.
Rapid breathing.
Tachycardia. |
| Where is the thymus located? | The mediastinum. |
| Where do the thymus function? | In utero and for a few months after birth to held develop the immune system. |
| What do lymph nodes do? | Help fight off infection by filtering foreign material. |
| When assessing a patient with anemia, complaints commonly includes: | Weakness.
Dyspnea.
Fatigue.
Vertigo.
Anorexia.
Dyspepsia. |
| Where are lymph nodes located? | Axilla - armpit.
Abdomen, thorax - chest.
Cervical - neck.
Inguinal - groin. |
| What do the tonsils contain to protect the body lungs against mircroorganism? | Lymphocytes and macrophages. |
| Where is the spleen located? | Upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity. |
| What do the lymphatic system consist of? | Lymph vessels.
Lymph nodes. |
| The collected of foreign matter, such as bacteria, cause the lymph node to: | Become swollen during an infection. |
| A complete blood count -CBC includes: | Red and white cell count.
Hematocrit and Hemoglobin levels.
Differential white blood count. |
| True or false: The average size, or volume of a single RBC is referred to as the mean corpuscular volume - (MCV) | True. |
| What allows the examination of the size, shape, and structure of individual blood cells and platelets. | Peripheral blood smear. |
| What test is used to diagnose pernicious anemia? | Schilling test. |
| Radiologic studies such as CT and MRI are used to evaluate what? | Spleen.
Liver.
Lymph nodes. |
