| What is psychosis | A mental health problem that causes people to perceive or interpret things differently from those around them |
| What conditions can psychosis be a symptom in | Schizophrenia
Bipolar disorder
Severe depression
Drug-induced psychosis |
| What are the 3 neurotransmitters involved in psychosis | Dopamine
Noradrenaline
Serotonin
Important in Drug induced psychosis since patients with increasing these neurotransmitters can lead to psychosis episodes |
| What are risk factors of psychosis | Genetic factors
Structural brain changes
Complications at birth
Traumatic experiences
Stress
Drug use --> prescribed and recreational |
| What are some negative signs and symptoms of Psychosis | Apathy ( lack of emotion )
Avolition ( lack of Motivation )
Alogia ( Lack of Speech )
Anhedonia ( Lack of interest ) |
| What are some positive signs and sympytoms of Psychosis | Hallucinations
Delusions
Disorganised speech
Disorganised behavior |
| What are delusions | A false belief based on incorrect inference about external reality that is firmly maintained despite what almost everybody believes and despite what constitutes incontrovertible and obvious proof of evidence of the contrary |
| What are hallucinations | A sensory perception that has the compelling sense of reality of a true perception but that occurs without external stimulation of the relevant sensory organ |
| What is Schizophrenia | Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychotic disorder in which individuals may hear voices, see images not seen by others (hallucinations), believe that others wish to harm or control them (delusions), or have bizarre thoughts |
| What are some symptoms of Schizophrenia | generally patients find difficulty in:
Expressing themselves clearly
Establishing close social relationships
Expressing positive emotions
Planning for the future |
| What are the 5Ps for case formulation | Presenting problem(s)
Predisposing factors that made the individual vulnerable to the problem.
Precipitating factors that triggered the problem
Perpetuating factors that maintain a problem or unintended consequences of an attempt to cope with the problem.
These might not be typical things you’d expect e.g. behaviours that make the patient feel good may perpetuate a problem, or they might engage with behaviour out of boredom, or to receive empathy
Protective factors that prevent or lessen a particular behaviour or distress. |
| What is the relationship between dopamine and psychosis | In psychosis, leads to increase dopamine release so there is abnormal high dopamine levels leading to increase in salience which leads to psychosis |
