| James I | James inherited the unsettled issues of Elizabeth’s reign. His worst struggles with Parliament were over money. In addition, James offended the Puritan members of Parliament. The Puritans hoped he would enact reforms to purify the English church of Catholic practices. he refused to make Puritan reforms. Agreed to translate the bible to english from a protestant point of view , known as the King James Bible |
| Charles I | his son, took the throne. Charles always needed money, in part because he was at war with both Spain and France. Several times when Parliament refused to give him funds, he dissolved it.
By 1628, Charles was forced to call Parliament again. This time it refused to grant him any money until he signed a document that is known as the Petition of Right.
Charles ignored it. And dissolved the parliament |
| The petition of right | The king agreed not:
*Imprison subjects without due cause
*Levy taxes without Parliament’s consent
*House soldiers in private homes
*Impose martial law in peacetime |
| English Civil War | Charles kept ignoring the petition of right and one day the parliament didn’t wanted to go again so Charles declares them criminals he than wanted to persecute the parliament but they discovered it and the pueblo fought against him so he gets scared and scaoes to the north of aengland where he builds and army and starts the English Civil War (7 years)164-1649 (The ones who were WITH the king, royalists: Cavaliers) vs ( Anti Charles, puritans: Roundheads) |
| Oliver Cromwell | Puritans found a general who could win—Oliver Cromwell. In 1645, Cromwell’s New Model Army began defeating the Cavalier, they held the king prisoner. Cromwell and the Puritans brought Charles to trial for treason against Parliament. They found him guilty and sentenced him to death. |
| Cromwells Rule | , he abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords. He established a commonwealth, a republican form of government.
Cromwell landed on Irish shores with an army and crushed the uprising. He seized the lands and homes of the Irish and gave them to English soldiers. Fighting, plague, and famine killed hundreds of thousands.
In 1653, Cromwell sent home the remaining members of Parliament. wrote the first written constitution of any modern European state.
This new government was called the Protectorate. Oliver Cromwell became the head of state, called the Lord Protector. Under Cromwell, the Protectorate provided for a large army and navy.
He even allowed Jews to return; they had been expelled from England in 1290. Cromwell also promoted education by setting up many new schools, and he reduced punishments for minor crimes.
He starts ba very strict, conservative puritan country, he prohibitted: music, traditions, christmas was prohibitted, gathering, made, a very sad this years were known as interregnum period entre reinos (1649-1660). |
| Charles II | When cromwell died the parliament agreed to bring the son of Charles and restarted the monarchy, he was very welcomed by the people because people wanted the music and all the live back, he is named the merry king 1660 en adelante is known as the restoration
was a very cheerful person and when he comes back to england and is married to a woman who couldn give him any childs but he dies from drinking a mrecury overdosis because he had a sexually transmitted disease.
He left the law of "Habeas Corpus" which means: body evidence, it means that you need proof, a guaranty for freedom |
| James II | Because he didn’t have any more heredrors his brother James II, he wanted to impose catholicism again and he putted catholic to high govermental jobs but the parliament didn’t wanted that and nether the people so the Parliament brings his daughter Mary who was married to the prince William of orange from the netherlands. They wanted Mary, protestant, to make an army with the man of his soldiers and James II runned away so William and Mary become the next kings. Known as Glorious Revolution |
| new Rules | England had become not an absolute monarchy but a constitutional monarchy, where laws limited the ruler’s power.
• no suspending of Parliament’s laws;
• no levying of taxes without a specific grant from Parliament;
• no interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament;
• no penalty for a citizen who petitions the king about grievances.
William and Mary consented to all |
