| What is the Policy Cycle and what are the stages? | It is a 6 stage model for policymaking. Agenda-setting, formulation, adoption, legitimation, implementation and evaluation. |
| What is the 1st Step of the Policy Cycle and who is the main actor?? | Agenda setting is the process by which a list of problems and issues that require a public response is developed and agreed upon. European Council |
| What is the 2nd Step of the Policy Cycle and who is the main actor?? | Formulation in which a response or proposal is developed to the issue on the agenda. European Commission |
| What is the 3rd step of the Policy Cycle and who are the main actors? | Adoption. Formally adopting the proposals by converting them into law or policy statements. Council of Ministers and European Parliament. |
| What is the 4th Step of the Policy Cycle and who is the main actor?? | Legitimation in which the policy or law is subject to the rule of law and ensures the legality. European Court of Justice. |
| What is the 5th Step of the Policy Cycle and who are the main actors?? | Implementation which is the process of acting upon adopted policies or laws. European Commission and member states. |
| What is the 6th Step of the Policy Cycle and who is the main actor? | Evaluation reviews the effectiveness and efficiency of the policies and laws and decides how to proceed. |
| What is Public Policy? | A policy area that describes whatever governments do to address society's needs and is often driven by emergencies and crises. |
| What are the wider influences that impact the national policies and give them more complexity? | Policy diffusion and policy convergence. |
| What is Policy diffusion? | The tendency for policy programmes and ideas to spread from one country to another. |
| What is Policy Convergence? | The tendency for policies and policy structures in different countries to become similar. |
| What are the 5 Main Features of the EU Policy Process? | Compromise and bargaining, political games, incrementalism, differentiated integration and elitism and the democratic deficit. |
| There are some Political Conflicts over Revenue between Integrationist and Intergovernmentalists. Explain their stances. | Integrationists want to have an EU tax and centralize the budget. The intergovernmentalists doesn't want the EU to have any money. |
| What is Incrementalism? | The idea that initiatives build on what came before. |
| What is Differentiated Integration? | The notion describes the unequal progress towards European Integration. Some EU member states fully participate and others don't which usually arises out of concerns to protect national sovereignty. |
| What is 1 Examples of Differentiated Integration? | The monetary integration because not all EU member states have adopted the Euro. |
| What are two different forms of Differentiated Integration? | Integration a la carte and multi-speed integration. |
| What is Integration a La Carte? | Situations where some countries do not participate at all in a given initiative such as the case of the Euro and Schengen. |
| What is Multi-speed Integration? | The situation where a country want to take part but is not yet ready as in the case of delayed membership for Eastern European States. |
| What is Derogation? | An arrangement by which a member state is excused from implementing part of a law or treaty and allowed to apply it differently. |
| What is the Multi-Annual Financial Framework (MFF) ? | The financial budget plan of the EU which is decided on an intergovernmental level by the European Council |
| What is Democratic Deficit? | The idea that EU institutions lack openness and direct accountability to its citizens. |
