| What is the leaf-shaped area of the cartilage that protect the larynx when swallowing? | Epiglottis |
| What is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and the environment. | External respiration. |
| What works with the cardiovascular system to deliver oxygen to the cells? | Respiratory system. |
| What is the exchange of the oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level? | Internal respiration. |
| What requires a continuous supply of oxygen to carry out their specialized activities. | Cells. |
| Failure of the respiratory system or cardiovascular has what same result? | Rapid cell death from oxygen starvation. |
| Air is enters the respiratory tract through what organ? | Nose. |
| What are the nasal openings called? | Nares. |
| What separates the nares? | Nasal septum. |
| The mucous membrane secretes how much moisture everyday? | 1 Liter. |
| What are the three scroll-like bones that is lateral from the nasal cavities? | Turbinates or conchae. |
| Why are there tiny hair in the naval cavity? | To trap dust and other foreign particles from entering the lower respiratory. |
| Along with the nasal structures are paranasal sinuses, what are they? | Frontal.
Maxillary.
Sphenoid.
Ethmoid. |
| List the some of the following sign and symptoms of hypoxia: | Anxiety.
Disorientation.
Dyspnea. |
| A tubular structure about 5 inches long extended from the base of the skull to the esophagus. | Pharynx. |
| What are the three subdivisions at the distal end of the pharynx? | Nasopharynx.
Oropharynx.
Laryngopharynx. |
| What is supported by the nine areas of the cartilage and connects the pharynx with the trachea? | Larynx. |
| What is the largest area of cartilage that is composed of two fused plates? | Thyroid cartilage or Adam’s apple. |
| What is the leaf-shaped area of the cartilage that protect the larynx when swallowing? | Epiglottis. |
| What covers the larynx tightly to prevent food from entering the trachea and directs the food to the esophagus. | Epiglottis. |
| The opening of the vocal cords is called? | Glottis. |
| Where is the local cords contained? | In the larynx. |
| What tubelike structure that extends approximately 4 1/3 inches to the mid-chest, where it divides into the right and left bronchi. | Trachea. |
| What lies anterior to the esophagus and connects the larynx with the bronchi? | Trachea. |
| The entire structure of the trachea is lined with what? | Mucous membranes.
Tiny cilia. |
| What are small hairlike processes on the outer surfaces of small cells, which produce motion or current in a fluid; that sweeps dust or debris upward toward the nasal cavity. | Cilia. |
| What are the bronchi divided into smaller structures called? | Bronchioles. |
| The bronchioles are divided into smaller groups callled? | Terminal bronchioles or alveolar ducts. |
| What are the end structures of the bronchial tree called? | Alveolus. |
| What grape like structures are the important feature of the respiratory system? | Alveoli. |
| What cavity is enclosed by the sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae? | Thoracic cavity. |
| The lungs receive their blood support from the heart through what? | Pulmonary arteries. |
| The lung is covered with a thin, moist serious membrane called what? | Visceral pleura. |
| The walls of the thoracic cavity is covered with what type of membrane? | Parietal pleura. |
| What cavity around the lungs is an airtight vacuum that contains negative pressure? | Pleural cavity. |
| What do you call when there is too much serious secretion is produced and fluid accumulates in the pleural space? | Pleural effusion. |
| Is an accumulation of serious fluid in interstitial lung tissues and alveoli. | Pulmonary edema. |
| What is the most common cause of pulmonary edema? | Increased capillary pressure from the left ventricular failure. |
| What is the most common pulmonary perfusion abnormality? | Pulmonary embolism. (PE) |
| What is a chronic respiratory condition that obstructs the flow of air to of from patient’s bronchioles? | Chronic obstruction pulmonary disease. (COPD) |
| What procedure is used by inserting a needlelike instrument into the pleural space and removing the fluid? | Thoracentesis. |
| What is responsible for the basic rhythm and depth of respiration? | Medulla oblongata and pons of the brain. |
| The combination of one inspiration and one expiration equals what? | One respiration. |
| At rest the normal inspirations last about how long? | 2 seconds. |
| At rest normal expirations last about how long? | 3 seconds. |
| What is the normal range of respiration for an adult? | 14 to 20 breathes per min. |
| A high-pitched, musical, whistle-like sound during inspiration or expiration. | Sibilant wheezes. |
| A deep, running sound that may be continuous; loud, low, coarse sound. | Sonorous wheezes. |
| What is performed by passing a bronchoscope into the trachea and bronchi? | Bronchoscopy. |
| List some nursing intervention after a bronchoscopy: | Keep patient on NPO.
Keep patient semi-Fowler’s position.
Monitor patient for increased dyspnea.
Monitor sputum signs for hemorrhage after biopsy. |
| The act of difficulty breathing. | Dyspnea. |
| An abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand breathe deeply or comfortably. | Orthopnea. |
| An abnormal sounds superimposed on breathing sounds. | Adventitious sounds. |
| What are short, discrete, interrupted crackling or bubbling sounds that are heard most commonly during inspiration? | Crackles. |
| What are low-pitched, grating, or creaking lung sounds that occur when inflamed surfaces rub together during respiration? | Pleural friction rubs. |
| Oxygen deficiency in the cellular tissues is called what? | Hypoxia. |
| List the following nursing interventions for thoracentesis: | Explaining procedure.
Obtaining written consent.
Relieve patient’s anxiety. |
| List the following normal blood gas values: | ph: 7.35-7.45.
PaCO2: 35-45 mm Hg.
PaO2:80-100 mm Hg.
HCO3-:21-28 mEq/L.
SaO2:95%. |
| What reflects pH acidity? | Equal to or less than 7.35. |
| What reflects pH alkalinity? | Equal to or greater than 7.45. |
| What is needed to replenish tissues adequately with oxygen, with 95% to 100% desired. | An SaO2 of 90% to 100%. |
| A bleeding from the nose; congestion of the nasal membranes, leading to capillary rupture. | Epistaxis. |
| Can be either primary disorder or secondary to other conditions; and can be related to menstrual flow in women or to hypertension. | Epistaxis |
| List the following structural plan or the respiratory organs: | Pharynx.
Trachea.
Bronchi.
Lungs. |
| Pharynx contains these: | Nasal cavity.
Nasopharynx.
Oropharynx.
Laryngopharynx. |
| The lower respiratory contain: | Larynx.
Trachea.
Bronchi. |
| The lung contains the following: | Bronchioles.
Alveoli.
Pulmonary capillary. |
| The alveolar sac contains the following: | Alveoli.
Alveolar duct. |
| Throughout the thoracentesis, what should the nurse be monitoring: | Vital signs.
General appearance.
Respiratory. |
| How much is the fluid removal traditionally limited to for thoracentesis? | 1300ml. |
| What do you do after the thoracentesis? | Position patient on unaffected side.
Label the specimen and send it immediately to the laboratory. |
| What happens then SaO2 sat drop below 85%? | The ability of hemoglobin to feed oxygen to tissue weakens. |
| What can occur in antigen-antibody allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis; hay fever. | Otitis; ear fullness, popping, or decreased hearing. |
| What does the patient experience during an obstruction sleep apnea? | A generalized startle response, snorts, and gasps. |
| List some of the following high risk of obstruction sleep apnea: | Males.
Older age.
Obesity.
Nasal conditions.
Receding chin.
Pharyngeal structural abnormalities. |
| Why is acute laryngitis may cause severe respiratory in children younger than 5 years of age? | Small larynx. |
| What inexpensive test may used to confirm legionnaires' disease? | Urine testing. |
| List the following diagnostic test that can be used to conform legionnaires' disease: | Blood.
Sputum.
Pulmonary tissue.
Fluid cultures. |
| What are the 3 types of anthrax? | Cutaneous.
Gastrointestinal.
Inhalational. |
| Most common anthrax; occurs after bacteria or spores enter the skin though a cut or abrasion. | Cutaneous. |
| Least common anthrax; occurs after ingestion of the organism in contaminated, uncooked food. | Gastrointestinal. |
| The most deadly type; develops when spore are inhaled deeply into the lungs. | Inhalational. |
| What chronic disease is important to know the difference between infection and active disease? | Tuberculosis. |
| List two anti-tubercular agent: | Ethambutol, Myambutol.
Isoniazid, INH. |
| List the following nursing interventions for tuberculosis: | Immediately ask permission to place patient under AFB precautions. |
| AFB precaution for tuberculosis includes: | Isolated took with negative air pressure.
Doors and windows closed to maintain air flow. |
| List the following nursing intervention for pneumonia: | Rest periods.
Position patient in high Fowler’s. |
| What do you call the collapsing of the alveoli; preventing the respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen. | Atelectasis. |
| What do you call a collapsed lung, but is due to a collection of air or other gas in the pleural place. | Pneumothorax. |
| If a patient has pneumothorax, what would the patient had/have experienced: | A chest injury.
Decrease breath sound on affected side; sudden, sharp, chest pain with dyspnea. |
| List some of the following nursing interventions for pneumothorax: | Maintaining airway patency.
Providing adequate oxygenation.
Asses and document patency of the chest tube system, keeping it free from kinks.
Monitor blood pressure.
Place patient in high Fowler’s.
Note color and amount of drainage. |
| What is the most common cause of pulmonary edema? | Increased capillary from left ventricular failure. |
| List the following nursing intervention for pulmonary embolism: | Applying anti-embolism stocking; TED hose.
Long-term anti-coagulation therapy. |
| What chronic respiratory condition obstructs the flow of air to or from the patient’s bronchioles? | Chronic obstruction pulmonary disease; COPD. |
| What do you call an abnormal cardiac condition characterized by the hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart as a result of hypertension of the pulmonary circulation. | Cor pulmonale. |
| With emphysema expect patients to have what type of an appearance? | Barrel-chested appearance. |
| List the following nursing interventions for emphysema: | Decrease patient’s anxiety.
Promoting optimal air exchange.
Elevate head of bed.
Administrator low-flow oxygen; 1 to 2 liters by nasal cannula, as ordered. |
| What do you call when asthma is caused by external factors; environment? | Extrinsic. |
| What do you call when asthma is triggered from internal causes; respiratory tract infection? | Intrinsic. |
| What is the inflammatory process of the respiratory bronchioles and the alveolar spaces that is caused by an infection? | Pneumonia. |
| Common to get during winter and early spring; people of all ages are susceptible especially in infants and older adults. | Pneumonia. |
| A group of drugs that is now available for prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma. | Leukotriene modifiers. |
