| hygiene | (principles of health) skin, hair, hands, feet, eyes, ears, mouth, back and perineum. |
| personal hygiene | self-care measures a person takes to maintain health and prevent disease. |
| high fowlers (bed position) | 45 degrees or more (up to 90) |
| when is high fowlers used | eating or drinking to prevent aspiration. |
| semi-fowlers (bed position) | 30 degrees. |
| when is semi-fowlers used | for patients who cant tolerate high fowlers or after lumbar puncture. |
| trendelenburg's (bed position) | bed tilted downward at the foot of the bed. |
| when is trendelenburg's used | removal of secretions with drainage, dilatation of vessels for central line. |
| reverse trendelenburg's (bed position) | bed tilted downward at the head of the bed. |
| when is reverse trendelenburg's used | not commonly used, promotes gastric emptying. |
| flat (bed position) | entire bed frame parallel with floor. |
| when is flat position used | vertebral injuries, immediately after lumbar puncture, cervical traction, preferred for sleeping. |
| vertigo | dizziness |
| syncope | fainting |
| range of motion (ROM) | normal movement that any joint is capable of making. |
| umbilicus | bellybutton |
| supine | laying face up position in bed |
| sims position | side-lying |
| prone | lying face-down |
| febrile | elevated body temperature |
| pressure injury/pressure ulcer | ulcerated skin from unrelieved pressure, shearing force or friction. |
| shearing force | when skin tissue sides on each other, causing blood vessels to kink or stretch resulting in interruption of blood flow. |
| friction | rubbing of skin against another surface which can remove layers of tissue |
| pressure injury stages | 1, 2, 3, 4. unstageable/unclassified. suspected deep tissue injury. |
| stage 1 pressure injury | usually on a bony prominence intact with redness. difficult to detect in patients with dark tones. |
| stage 2 pressure injury | shallow open injury, shiny or dry, with red-pink wound bed. |
| stage 3 pressure injury | full thickness skin tissue loss, fat sometimes visible. |
| stage 4 pressure injury | full skin loss with exposed bone, tendon, cartilage, or muscle. |
| unstageable/unclassified pressure injury | true depth of injury cannot be determined. |
| vasodilation | dilation of blood vessels (can be caused by heat) |
| vasoconstriction | narrowing of blood vessels (can be caused by cold) |
| oral hygiene | care of the mouth |
| dentures | artificial teeth |
| perineal care | care of genitals |
| circumorbitial | circular area around the eyes |
| cerumen | wax |
| bedpan | device to receive urine/feces from patients bed bound |
| urinal | collecting urine from male patients, also available for women |
| canthus | corner of eye |
