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level: Anatomy in general

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Anatomy in general

Question	Answer
Pokey bone that sticks out in your spine, what is this referred to as?	Spinous Process
Pokey bones that sticks out at the sides of your spine, what is this referred to as?	Transverse Process
What is the area on each vertebra where they meet, covered in cartilage referred to as?	Facet Joint
Nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus, is referred to as?	Intervertebral Disk
Ligament bundle that surrounds the facet joints are referred to as?	Joint Capsule
Where does the sacrum meet ilium?	Sacroiliac 'SI' Joint
When you change position or pose the first joint to move bears the load, what is this referred to as?	1st joint rule
What are C7, T1, T4, T5, L5 and S1 are hot spots for?	Injury
Vertebrae disks make up as much as 1/4 the length of entire spine	True
Spinal flexion	Forward bend
Spinal extension	Backbend
Spinal axial rotation	Twist side to side
Articulation of facet joints and intervertebral discs	Spinal movement
7 Cervical vertebrae has how many spinal nerves?	8
12 Thoracic vertebrae has how many spinal nerves?	12
5 Lumbar vertebrae has how many spinal nerves?	5
5 Sacral vertebrae (fused) has how many sacral nerves?	5
3-5 Coccyx vertebrae (fused) has how many coccygeal nerves?	1
How many intervertebral discs in the spine?	23
Spinal disc anatomy: 80 interconnected rings of ligaments, super strong with very poor blood supply	Anulus fibrosus
Spinal disk anatomy: Contains loose fibres suspended in a mucoprotein gel	Nucleus pulposus
25% of people have disc degeneration. After the age of 40 what is the percentage of spinal disc degeneration?	60%
Unique to C2-C7 there are holes in the transverse processes. What is this called?	Transverse foramen
What does C1 not have that other vertebrae do?	Vertebral body
Unique to the cervical spine, processes split in 2 at the end like a lizard's tongue for greater range of motion. What are these called?	Bifurcated Spinous Process
What part of the spine only has vertebrae with foramen, small holes where the verebral artery passes	Cervical
Which vertebra in the cervical spine has the longest process and is not bifurcated?	C7
Which cervical vertebra is unique, has no body or process often referred to as the atlas?	C1
When you crack your back like your cracking your knuckles, what part of the vertebra is actually cracking?	Facet joints
How many ribs in the thoracic spine?	12
How many true ribs: costal cartilage connects them to the sternum?	7
How many false ribs: 3 connect to costal cartilage above, 2 just 'float' and don't connect at all?	5
1 in every 200-500 have an extra rib at C7 (more common in women)	True
Which part of the spine is most prone to degeneration?	Lumbar
L5/S1 is a hot spot for all back injuries	True
Which muscle originates at the T12, L1-L4 and crosses the pelvis to femur?	Psoas
The psoas and iliacus pair up at the pelvis and both insert at the femur. What is this muscle often referred to as?	Iliopsoas
What is a natural way to decompress your spine usually through some type of inversion (YogaTrapeze, Gravity boots, Inversion table)?	Spinal traction
Anulus fibrosus is damaged and the necleus pilposus squishes out	Disk herniation
Disk herniation	Slipped disk
Spondylo=	Spine
Osis=	Pathalogical condition
Lysis=	Break
Listhesis=	Slippage
Generation term for degradation of the spine (spinal osteoarthritis)	Spondylosis
Fracture or break in at pars interarticularis (part of joint)	Spondylolysis
Slippage of a vertebra (usually anterior movement)	Spondylolisthesis
Spine is truly deformed	Structural scoliosis
Spine is being pushed/pulled into deformation	Functional scoliosis
Genetics 38% environment 62% 3% of population have it	Scoliosis
Radiculopathy	Radiating pain
What medicine inhibits cartilage and ligament production?	NSAIDs
I got a cortisone shot	Steroid injection
All 4 limbs loose sensation and movement injury at T1 or above	Quadriplegia
Loss of sensation and movement in lower half of the body from injury T1 or below	Paraplegia
Loss of sensation in 3 limbs from incomplete spinal cord injuries	Triplegia
Most common injury in yoga	L4/L5/S1
Tibia	Shin
Medial collateral ligament connects the femur to the tibia	MCL
Lateral collateral ligament connects fibular on outside of the knee	LCL
Anterior cruciate ligament crosses and connects the femur to the tibia in front	ACL
Posterior cruciate ligament crosses and connects the femur to the tibia in the back	PLC
Tendon muscle to bone Ligaments bone to bone	True
Patella tendon is technically a ligament	True
LCL is the only ligament to connect to fibula	True
Smooth tissue at the end of bones for sliding	Articular cartilage
Crescent-shaped cartilage rings of the knee	Meniscus
Knee joint is a synovial joint also a modified hinge joint with slight external and internal rotation	True
Knee is a compound joint because of 2 articulations	True
Knee articulation 1. Femur and Tibia	Tibiofemoral
Knee articulation 2. Femur and Patella	Patellofemoral
Patella is just cartilage at birth, changes to bone by ages 3-5	True
Meniscus injuries are most common in yoga	True
ACL and PCL injuries are very unlikely in yoga	True
Where do most students go for rehab injured knees	Yoga
Knee over ankle is essential	True
Red tissues	Muscles
Ligaments/tendoms/cartilage	White tissue
In hyperextension of the knee which tissues are doing all the work?	White tissues
Solution for knee hyperextension	Micro-bend
How do you see hyperextension o fthe knee on the floor?	Heels lifted
White tissues are strong but vulnerable to injury	True
Ligament injuries are rare in yoga	True
Ultrasounds and digital motions x-rays best to view ligaments but why are they not often recommended?	Too expensive
Pro athlete might go straight away for a arthroscopy surgery	True
Ligaments can take 2-8 weeks minimum to heal and as long as 1 year	True
What percentage is the ACL of total joint stability	90%
Arthroscopic surgery is where a tiny camera is inserted through a surgery cut	True
PCL is an internal stabilizer of the knee	True
Ligament injury=	Instability
Glenohumeral joint, sternoclavicular joint and acromoclavicular joint are founs in which are of the body?	Shoulder girdle
What joint has the most range of motion in the body?	Glenohumeral Joint
Where is the most common place for rotator cuff tears?	Supraspinatus