| What can cause drug induced lupus | procainamide, which is used to treat irregular heart rhythms, and hydralazine |
| How to assess if drug has caused a certain reaction | Challenge dechallenge rechallenge |
| What stains enamel black | iron salts |
| What might cause palatal pigmentation | Anti malarial drugs |
| Examples of drugs that can cause staining | □ Amiodarone
□ Bleomycin
□ Chloroquine
□ Chlorpromazine
□ Gold
□ Hydroxychloroquine
□ Mepacrine
□ Methyldopa
□ Minocycline
□ Premarin
□ Quinidine (anti-malarial) |
| Symptoms of drug induced gingival overgrowth | Inflammatory overgrowth (hypertrophy) of soft tissue between the teeth (buccal and labial gingivae predominant) |
| Drugs that commonly cause this include | Nifedipine (and other dihydropyridine CCBs)
Ciclosporin
Phenytoin |
| Which drugs can cause the following -Thrombocytopenia bleeding at the gingival margins, which may be spontaneous or may follow mild trauma (such as toothbrushing)
Examples include: | Quinine
Sulphonamides
Heparin |
| What can the following drugs cause
Methotrexate
Nicorandil
NSAIDs
Gold
Penicillamine | oral ulceration |
| What is a FDE | Specific recurring site in the oral cavity which will flare up when a specific drug is taken e.g.
Barbiturates
NSAIDs
Sulfonamides
Tetracyclines |
| Sloughing and oedema can be caused by what | Chemotherapy/ immunosuppresion |
| What is licenplanus | Lichen Planus = Autoimmune, Mucocutaneous disorder with oral, genital and or skin lesions (typically white) |
| If the lichenplanus has an unidentified cause what is it reffered to as | A lichenoid reaction |
| What drugs can casue lichenplanus | NSAIDs
Antihypertensives à All classes
Dental amalgams
Penicillamine
Anti‐malarials |
| What drugs/ therapies can cause pseudo oral candidiasis | Use of broad spectrum antibiotics
Immunosuppresants (inc corticosteroids)
Cytotoxic therapies
OHI can also help |
| Dysgeusia vs hypogeusia vs parageusia | Distorted taste e.g. sweet taste sour |
| What metal ion do drugs contain that can cuase a metallic taste sensation | Zinc |
| Drugs which can affect taste | chemotherapy |
| What are these drugs likely to cause- antimuscarinics (anticholinergics), antidepressants (TCAs, SSRIs), baclofen, clonidine, and tizanidine
Excessive use of diuretics | Xerostomia |
| Pain in the salivary glands may be due to what class of drugs | Antihypertensives |
| Tx of xerostomia | Sialogogue (such as pilocarpine or sugar free gum |
| What type of drug is Clozapine and what can it cause | Anti psychotic and can cause hypersalivation |
| What can these drugs cause
ACE inhibitors
Antithyroid drugs
Methyldopa
Sulfonamides
Phenothiazines
Protease inhibitors | Sialadenitis |
| What is angiodema | Swelling of the inner layers of the skin commonly lips- often caused by dental treatment |
| pemphigus | Blisters that rupture |
| Pemphigoid | Blisters stay entact |
| penicillamine can cause | Drug induced pemphigoid |
| What is stevens johnson syndrome | Massive life threatening ulceration of the mouth often involving erthema multiforme can be caused by penicillins & sulfonamides, anti‐epileptic drugs (esp carbamazepine) |
