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level: Axial Skeleton

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Axial Skeleton

QuestionAnswer
What makes up the Axial SkeletonVertebral Column Ribs Auditory Ossicle Sternum Skull Hyoid
How many bones form the vertebral column26 bones
What are the functions of the vertebral column?- transmits weight of trunk to the lower limbs - surrounds and protects the spinal cord - serves as attachment sites for muscles of the neck and back
What holds the vertebral column together?the vertebral column is held in place by ligaments
What ligaments hold the vertebral column in place?- anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments - Ligamentum flavum
Name the different regions within the vertebral column1. Cervical Curvature; C1-C7 2. Thoracic Curvature; T1-T12 3. Lumbar Curvature; L1-L5 4. Sacral curvature; 5 fused vertebrae
What is at the end of the vertebral columnthe coccyx which is 4 fused vertebrae
What role do curvatures play in regards to the spinecurvatures increase the resilience of the spine; the spine can withstand a lot of force
What are the primary curvatures? What are the secondary curvatures?the primary curvatures are the thoracic and sacral curvatures because they are present at birth the secondary curvatures are the cervical and lumbar curvatures because they develop when the baby begins to walk
Describe the anterior longitudinal ligamentthe anterior longitudinal ligament attaches to the bony vertebrae and intervertebral discs prevents hyperextension
Describe the posterior longitudinal ligamentthe posterior longitudinal ligament is narrow and relatively weak attaches to the intervertebral discs
Name the structureIntervertebral discs
Name the structureAnterior Longitudinal Ligament
Name the structurePosterior Longitudinal ligament
Name the structureLigamentum Flavum
Name the structures1. Posterior longitudinal ligament 2. Anterior longitudinal ligament
What are intervertebral discs?Intervertebral discs are cushion like pads between vertebrae
What are the intervertebral discs composed of?The intervertebral discs are composed of nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus
Define the nucleus pulposusthe nucleus pulposus is a gelatinous inner sphere and absorbs compressive stresses
Define Anulus fibrosusanulus fibrosus are the outer rings formed of ligaments and the inner rings are formed of fibrocartilage - contains the nucleus pulposus
Name the structureSpinous process
Name the structureVertebral arch
Name the structureVertebral Foramen
Name the structureBody of vertebrae
Name the structureTransverse process
Name the structureLamina
Name the structureSpinous process
What occurs in a herniated disc?a rupture occurs and the the fibrous cartilage pushes up against a nerve which causes pain and or numbness
What is occuring in these photos?1. Scoliosis 2. Kyphosis 3. Lordosis
What does the thoracic cage form?the thoracic cage forms the framework of the chest
What are the components of the thoracic cage?- thoracic vertebrae - ribs - sternum and costal cartilage
What are the functions of the thoracic cage?- protection; protects the thoracic organs - support; supports the shoulder girdle and upper limps - provides attachment for many muscles of the back
Name the structureJugular notch
Name the structureClavicular notch
Name the structureTrue ribs (attach to sternum)
Name the structureFalse ribs (do not attach to sternum)
Name the structureCostal Cartilage
Name th structureXyphoid Process
Name the structureManubrium
Name structureBody of sternum
Name structureSternum
Name the structurecostal cartilage at the end of the the rib
Name the structureIntervertebral discs
Name the structureshaft of rib
Name the structureArticular facet
Name the structureLigaments between neck of rib and the tubercle of rib