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level: Fats

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Fats

Question	Answer
Fats are organic compounds made up of carbon, ___ and oxygen.	Hydrogen
Lipids are generally insoluble in water but are soluble in organic solvents such as ___	Alcohol
Fats, oils, wax and cholesterol. What are these examples of?	Lipids
The most common lipids consist of fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule by a process known as ___	Condensation reaction
During condensation reaction the water (H2o) molecule is removed, the fatty acid joins to the glycerol atom by an___	Ester bond
When fatty acids link to a glycerol a structure called ___ is formed	Glyceride
One fatty acid attached to a glycerole molecule. Added to foods to emulsify and stabilise	Monoglyceride
___ function as anti-staling compounds due to their ability to form a complex with amylose starch to prevent recrystallisation	Monoglycerides
Three fatty acids attached to a glycerole molecule. 95% of the fat we eat is in this form	Triglycerides
Triglycerides are stored in the ___ or body fat in out body	Adipose tissue
Two fatty acids attached to a glycerole molecule. Added to foods to emulsify and stabilise	Diglycerides
Fatty acids are carboxylic acids which have long hydrocarbon chains with molecules of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms	True
Most fatty acids are straight-chain compounds with between ____ carbon atoms in a chain with hydrogen atoms	4-28
What are the essential fatty acids?	Omega-3 and omega-6
Which type of fatty acids are solid at room temperature eg; meat and dairy?	Saturated
Which type of fatty acids are liquid at room temperature eg: plant oils?	Unsaturated
A saturated fatty acid has all its carbon atoms saturated with hydrogen atoms	True
Cocoa butter, coconut oil and palm oil are examples of which type of fat?	Saturated
Saturated fatty acids have 2 hydrogen atoms attached to either side of carbon atoms. The carbon chain has ____ carbon atoms in length	15-17
There is 80 times more fat in a reduced fat sausage than low-fat yogurt	True
In unsaturated fatty acids, carbon atoms are not saturated in hydrogen atoms therefore have double bonds between them	True
___ fatty acids have a single carbon double bond no longer saturated in hydrogens as it is short of 2 hydrogen atoms	Monounsaturated
___ fatty acids have 2 or more double bonds creating kinks in the structure	Polyunsaturated
Olive oil, peanut oil and avocado are examples of which type of fatty acids?	Monounsaturated
Fish seafood and vegetable oils are examples of which type of fatty acids?	Polyunsaturated
Peanuts, hazelnuts, cashews and almonds are which type of fatty acids?	Monounsaturated
Walnuts, brazil nuts and seeds are which type of fatty acids?	Polyunsaturated
The '3' and 6 in Omegas refer to the position of the first carbon double bond. 3 means the double bond occurs at the 3rd carbon atom from the left	True
Has 2 or more double bonds in the carbon chain	Polyunsaturated
Has a single double bond in the carbon chain	Monounsaturated
Has no double bonds in the carbon chain	Saturated
The carbon atoms have at least one double bond between them	Unsaturated
Trans fats are created artificially by adding hydrogen atoms to polyunsaturated fat. changing them from liquid to solid. What is this process called?	Hydrogenation
A lipid at room temperature is referred to as __	Fat
A lipid that is liquid at room temperature is referred to as an __	Oil
What is a condensation reaction?	The removal of a water molecule
How many carbon atoms in a fatty acid chain?	4-28
Through hydrogenation, a liquid polyunsaturated fat can be turned into a solid saturated fat or hydrogenated fat	True
Fat provides more energy than protein and carbs releasing 9kcal/g	True
Fat in adipose tissue can be use for energy when no other source is available	Fat for storage
Subcutaneous fat (fat under the skin) prevents you from loosing bodyheat	Fat for insulation
Vitamins A,D,E, and K are only soluble in fat and can only be transported via fat	Fat for transport
Support cell growth	Fat for construction
Prevents water loss by evaporation keeping skin plump and hydrated	Fat for waterproofing
Which nutrients are vital for the functioning of the cardiovascular, reproductive, immune and nervous system?	Omega-3 and omega-6
Which specific nutrients are vital for the repair of cell membranes?	Omega-3 and omega-6
Omega-3 and omega-6 are vital for the function of compounds such as Prostaglandins	True
___ regulate inflammation, blood pressure and body temperature, fight infection, blood clotting, gastric secretion and smooth muscle contraction	Prostaglandins
Fish, avocado, nuts and seeds are the best sources of fat	True
Which type of fat is olive oil and rapeseed high in?	Monounsaturated
What is the current guideline for fat as percentage of total energy intake?	33%
What is the maximum guideline for fat as percentage of total energy intake?	35%
To find out a clients daily fat requirement, divide the total DCR by 1/3 or 33%	True
What is the daily requirement percentage for saturated fat?	11%
What is the daily requirement percentage for trans fat?	2%
1 tablespoon of oil is 20grams of fat and 100% fat	True
Eat 2 portions of oily fish instead of red meat to increase ___ fat intake over saturated fat	Essential
A handful of nuts boosts your ___ fat intake	Unsaturated
The main purpose of fat digestion is to break down the Ester bonds with the enzyme ___	Lipase
Chewing action of fat is important to trap __ ___ into the food	Lingual Lipase
Bile emulsifies fat splitting it into smaller droplets. What are these called?	Miscelles
Name a lipid biding protein	Apolipoprotein
Type of lipoprotein that is highest in triglyceride	Chylomicrons
The first type of lipoprotein to be sent from the liver to the body	VLDL
The type of lipoprotein knows as good cholesterol	HDL
Type of lipoprotein known as bad cholesterol	LDL
Cholesterol in the liver is essential for the structure of cell membranes and manufacturing __	Vitamin D
Cholesterol is used in the production of ___ needed for the digestion of fat in the gut	Bile acids
25% of cholesterol should be __	HDL
Regularly eat nuts, seeds and oily fish as they are a good source of ___ omega 3 fats	Polyunsaturated
Exercise tends to raise the levels of HDL in the blood	True
Fibre reduces LDL	True
How low must fat be in 100g of a product to qualify as low fat?	Less than 3g
Which lipoprotein transports the highest amount of triglycerides (product of fat digestion) and lowest amount of cholesterol?	Chylomicrons
Which lipoprotein carries the moat cholesterol?	LDL
A reduced cholesterol intake can help improve an individual's cholesterol profile	False
Which type of fibre is best for reducing cholesterol levels?	Soluble fibre