| What are the two types of Nephrons? | The two types of nephrons include:
1. the cortical nephrons
2. the juxtamedullary nephrons |
| What is the percentage of cortical nephrons vs juxtamedullary nephrons in the kidneys? | The kidney contains 85% cortical nephrons and 15% juxtamedullary nephrons |
| What is a special function found in juxtamedullary nephrons? | the long loop that enters the medulla contributes to the kidney's ability to concentrate urine |
| Describe the main differenes between the Cortical and JUxtamedullary nephron | The Juxtamedullary has a longer loop of henry and because of that, its loop of henry is covered by the Vasa Recta which allows gas/ion exchange. Because the cortical nephron is shorter it is covered by peritubular capillaries in the proximal convoluted tubule. |
| Where can we find a greater salt concentration in the kidney? | Salt concentration is greater the deeper you go into the kidney/medulla. The smallest concentration is found within the cortex |
| What does the high concentration of salt cause? | The high concentration of salt causes osmosis, the diffusion of water out the urine to the inside of the medulla. |
| What is the cell type that is circled in green? | cuboidal epithelial cells |
| What is the cell type that is circled in green? | squamous epithelial cells (note we also have columnar cells but they are not here) |
| The cells found in the proximal and distal convoluted tubules must allow for | diffusion, osmosis, and active transport |
| What are the 2 capillary beds the nephrons closely associate with | - Glomeruli
- Peritubular capillaries (in cortical nephrons) or Vasa Recta (in juxtamedullary) |
| Describe the function of the Glomeruli capillary bed | Glomeruli produces filtrate which becomes urine
The Glomeruli is fed and drained by the efferent and afferent arterioles
The Glomeruli generates 1 Liter of fluid every 8 min (99% of the fluid is reabsorbed in tubules) |
| Define the function of the Peritubular capillaries | are responsible for reabsorption
secretes molecules into urine |
| Peritubular capillaries arise from..... | efferent arterioles |
| Define peritubular capillaries | Peritubular capillaries are low pressure porous capillaries |
| Define the Vasa Recta | The vasa recta are thin walled looping vessels that descend into the medulla |
| Define the function of the vasa recta | the vasa recta is part of the kidney's urine concentrating mechanism |
| the vasa recta is a continuation of the..... | the vasa recta continues from the efferent arterioles of the juxtamedullary nephrons |
