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Index
»
Scientific Names and Terminology
»
Chapter 1
»
Level 1
level: Level 1
Questions and Answers List
level questions: Level 1
Question
Answer
Produced by Aspergillus fungi species. Hazard in peanut and corn. Can cause liver cancer.
Aflatoxins
Fungi. Produced aflatoxins, patulin and ochratoxins.
Aspergillus
Common food-borne pathogen. In cereals especially rice.
Bacillus Cereus
Gram positive bacteria used to control pests
Bacillus thuringiensis
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Baker’s yeast
Beneficial Bacteria. Probiotic.
Bifidobacterium bifidus
Probiotic, added as live cells to food and drink products.
Bifidobacterium spp
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Brewer’s yeast
Common food-borne pathogen
Campylobacter jejuni
Lactic Acid Bacteria, Gram +ve, fermentative organism
Carnobacterium
Common food-borne pathogen
Clostridium Botulinum
Common food-borne pathogen
Clostridium perfringens
Foodborne illness
Dysentery
Harmful bacteria
E. Coli O157:H7
Lactic Acid Bacteria, Gram +ve, fermentative organism
Enterococcus
Prebiotic
Fructo-oligosaccharides
prebiotic
Inulin
Prebiotic
Lactitol
Lactic Acid Bacteria, Gram +ve, fermentative organism
Lactobacillus
Found in fermented milk products and added as live cells to food and drink products. Probiotic.
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Probiotic, added as live cells to food and drink products.
Lactobacillus casei
Found in fermented milk products
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus
Probiotic, added as live cells to food and drink products (probiotic)
Lactobacillus reuteri
Beneficial Bacteria. Probiotic.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Lactic Acid Bacteria, Gram +ve, fermentative organism
Lactococcus
Lactic Acid Bacteria, Gram +ve, fermentative organism
Lactosphaera
Prebiotic
Lactulose
Lactic Acid Bacteria, Gram +ve, fermentative organism
Leuconostoc
Common food-borne pathogen
Listeria monocytogenes
Common food-borne pathogen
Listeria monocytogenes
Foodborne illness caused by listeria
Listeriosis
Produced by aspergillus and penicillium species of fungi.
Ochratoxins
Lactic Acid Bacteria, Gram +ve, fermentative organism
Oenococcus
Fungi produces patulin.
Paecilomyces
Can damage immune system. Associated with mouldy fruits/vegetables. Toxin produced by aspergillus, penicillium and Paecilomyces
Patulin
Lactic Acid Bacteria, Gram +ve, fermentative organism
Pediococcus
Fungi. Produces Ochratoxins and patulin
penicillium
Common food-borne pathogen
Salmonella Serovars
Harmful Bacteria
Salmonella Typhimurium
Common food-borne pathogen
Staphylococcus aureus
Lactic Acid Bacteria, Gram +ve, fermentative organism
Streptococcus
Found in fermented milk products
Streptococcus thermophilus
Foodborne illness
Tuberculosis
Foodborne illness
Typhoid and paratyphoid
Lactic Acid Bacteria, Gram +ve, fermentative organism
Vagococcus
Common food-borne pathogen
Vibrio Cholera
Common food-borne pathogen
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus
Common food-borne pathogen
Vibrio Vulnificus
Lactic Acid Bacteria, Gram +ve, fermentative organism
Weissells
Common food-borne pathogen
Yersinia Enterocolitica
infection by the Campylobacter bacterium, most commonly C. jejuni. It is among the most common bacterial infections of humans, often a foodborne illness, often from chicken and unpasteurized milk.
Campylobacteriosis
(Enterohemorrhagic E. coli). Assicated with Cattle.
EHEC
Created by salt and sugar in preserved foods.
Hypertonic Environment
In fungi, external spores
Conidiaspores
In fungi, contained spores
sporangiospores
primitive spore type, formed by the breaking up or disarticulation of fungal mycelia.
Arthrospores
Fungi divided into cells by internal walls called septa
Septate fungi
Fungi not divided by internal walls
Non septate fungi
Food spoilage mould in bread, cheese jam.
Penicillium
Food spoilage mould in fruit
Botrytis
Food spoilage mould in meat
Thamnidium
Food spoilage mould in meat, bread, cheese
Mucor
Food spoilage mould in fruit, onions, atmospheric
Aspergillus
Food spoilage mould in rice, bean, soybean
Fusarium
Food spoilage mould in plants, cereals, dairy
Geotrichum
Food spoilage mould in beef
Sporotrichum
Food spoilage mould in fruit, vegetables, meat
Alternaria
Food spoilage mould in beef, fruit, vegetables, butter and margarine.
Cladosporium