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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
single cell that divides without restraint can lead to a cell mass	tumor
tumor that is confined to one site because the cells in it are not invasive.	benign tumor
increases the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to a tumor	Angiogenesis
tumor cells start invading neighboring tissues	malignant tumor-cancer
migration and spread of malignant to other parts of the body	metastasis
cancer cells char	proliferation, increase in cell size/shape, loss of adhesion, invasion
change in DNA sequence caused by external agents or by errors i	mutation
code for positive growth regulators .	Proto-oncogenes
mutated gene is now known	oncogene
code for negative growth regulators that normally restrain cell division	Tumor suppressor genes
tumor suppressor genes work...	by inhibiting cell cycle, repair of damaged DNA, trigger cell suicide
majority of cancers are caused by an accumulation of multiple mutations in...	somatic cells(body cells)
agents that cause DNA mutation	chemical mutagens, radiation, viruses, chronic injury, genetic instability
standard cancer treatments	Radiation, chemotherapy
treatments for abnormal or cancerous cells in small regions	cryosurgery and hormone therapy
protein that binds tightly to specific targets, such as proteins that only cancer cells display on their surface.	antibody
physical, chemical, or biological agents that increase the risk of cancer:	carcinogens
list of carcinogens	bacteria/viruses, increased exposure to hormones, toxic chemicals
bacterium that thrives in stomach acid, is linked with increased odds of some types of intestinal cancers.	Helicobacter pylori,