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level: Blood Tissue

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Blood Tissue

QuestionAnswer
What tissue group does blood belong to?Connective tissue
Circulatory system is divided into what systems?Cardiovascular system Lymphatic system
What is the function of Blood?Blood serves as a transport mechanism for nutrients, signaling molecules, respiratory gases, and waste products
What circulates the blood?Blood circulation is powered by the pumping of the heart
What occurs during blood circulation?oxygen and nutrients diffuse across capillary walls into body tissues. hormones are transported from endocrine glands regulation of body temperature conveys cells of immune system
Blood volume in men vs womenmales: 5-6 liters females: 4-5 liters
What are the cellular and liquid components of blood?blood cells plasma (liquid portion)
Define HematocritHematocrit is the measure of red blood cells (a percentage)
Percentage of red blood cells in males vs femalesmales: 47% females: 42%
Define Buffy coatbuffy coat is the portion of blood composed of leukocytes and platelets - think of spinning of blood
Name what is coveredBuffy Coat
Describe the composition of bloodErythrocytes H20 Plasma solutes LeukocytesPlatelets inorganic components (NaCl..) Plasma proteins Organic metabolites/waste products
Describe blood plasmasticky fluid portion of blood 90% water contains over 100 molecules - ions (Na+ and Cl-) - Nutrients (sugars, lipids, amino acids) - wastes (C02, urea, ammonia) - proteins
What are the three main proteins found in blood plasma?1. Albumin 2. Globulins 3. Fibrrinogen
Function of AlbuminThe albumin protein prevents water from diffusion out of the blood vessels
Function of GlobulinsGlobulin protiens include antibodies and blood proteins that transport lipids, iron and copper
Function of FibrinogenFibrinogen protein is involved in the chemical reactions for blood clotting
Main function of Erythrocyteserythrocytes are oxygen transporting cells
Describe erythrocyteserythrocytes are the most numerous cells in blood have no organelles or nuclei ideal measuring tool for estimating sizes of nearby structures
What is found in erythrocytes?erythrocytes are packed with oxygen carrying hemoglobin
What gives blood its red color?Hemoglobin bears 4 oxygen molecules and each O2 molecule bears an iron molecule, oxidation of iron atoms causes the red color
Detailed description of erythrocyte function- pick up O2 at lung capillaries and release them to other tissue capillaries that are oxygen poor
What characteristics allow erythrocytes to carry on its respiratory function?- their biconcave shape - they are 97% hemoglobin - they lack mitochondrias - only pick up O2, do not consume it
Define LeukocytesLeukocytes protect the body from infectious micororganisms (pathogens) by working outside the blood stream in the loose connective tissue
Define Diapedesiscapillaries dialate allowing circulating leukocytes to leave the capillaries and enter tissue
where do leukocytes originate?Leukocytes originate in the bone marrow
What are the different types of white blood cells (leukocytes)?1. Lymphocytes  2. Monocytes/macrophages/mast cells  3. Eoosinophils  4. Basophils 5. Neutrophils
Name what is coveredPlasma
Name what is coveredErythrocytes
Name what is coveredNeutrophil
Name what is coveredMonocyte
Name what is coveredEosinophil
Name what is coveredLymphocyte
What are the functions of white blood cells?function is to defend the body from pathogens
What are the two classifications of white blood cells?Granular and non-granular
Where are non-granular white blood cells (agranulocytes) madein the lymph nodes
Where are granular white blood cells made (granulocytes)directly in the bone marrow
Describe/Define neutrophilstype of granulocyte most numerous white blood cell nucleus has 2-6 lobes first line of defense in inflammatory response Phagocytize and destroy bacteria release enzymme into matrix of infected tissue
Describe/Define mast cellssometimes are considered a blood cell originate in the bone marrow central cell in inflammation contain cellular bags of granules
Where are mast cells located?located in close connective tissue close to blood vessels found in skin and lining of GI and respiratory tracts
What causes mast cells to activate?physical injury, chemical agents, presence of antibodies, presence of bacteria and viruses
What happens when mast cells are activatedgranules (histamines) are released
What is a key role of mast cells?mast cells play a key role in initiating allergic reactions
What causes dilation of blood vessels?the release of granules (histamine)
Dilation of blood vessels causes...the synthesis of chemical mediators: leukotrienes and prostaglandins
Describe/Define Eosinophils- large granulocytes - contain enzymes active in allergic reactions and parasitic infections - also have secret enzymes that degrafe histamines
What role do eosinophils play?Eosinophils play a role in ending allergic reactions by phagocytizing allergens
Describe/Define Basophils- pretty small amount/rare - nucleus typically has 2 lobes  - granulocytes  - secrete histamine  -similar to mast cells but instead are secondary sources
Function of Basophils?Basophils function in inflammation mediation they direct later stages of inflammation in allergies and parasitic infections.
What are the 2 main classes of lymphocytes?T cells and B cells  - also includes monocytes
What are T-cellsT cells are agranulocytes who attack foreign cells directly
What are B-cellsB cells are agranulocytes that multiply and become plasma cells - they secrete antibodies
Describe LymphocytesLymphocytes are the most important cells of the immune system effective in fighting infectious organisms act against antigen (foreign molecule)
Describe monocytesmonocytes are the largest leukocytes agranulocytes
What do monocytes transform into?monocytes transform into macrophages - they are phagocytic cells
Describe plateletssmall cell fragments no nuclei
Functions of plateletsadhere to damaged blood vessels aggregate with one another facilitate the generation of thrombin function of blood clotting
Name what is coveredNeutrophil
Name what is coveredBand neutrophil
Name what is coveredEosinophil
Name what is coveredLymphocyte
Name what is coveredBasophil
Name what is coveredMonocyte