| What are the three subdivisions of the small intestine? | Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum |
| Name this structure | Duodenum |
| Name this structure | Jejunum |
| Name this structure | Jejunum |
| What is the main function of the small intestine | absorption |
| Describe the Duodenum | First portion of the small intestine
Receives digestive enzymes and bile from stomach (controlled by sphincters) |
| What enters the Duodenum? | The main pancreatic duct and common bile duct enter the duodenum |
| Name these structures | blue: Bile duct
green: Main pancreatic duct
(they enter the duodenum) |
| Function of the Gallbladder | Stores bile produced by the liver |
| Function of the pancreas | produces digestive enzymes |
| Function of the Liver | produces bile |
| Name this structure | Gallbladder |
| Name this structure | Pancreas |
| Name this structure | Liver |
| What cells are found in the intestinal wall of the small intestine? | Absorptive enterocytes
Goblet cells
Enteroendocrine cells
Intestinal crypts |
| Function of Absorptive enterocytes | uptake digested nutrients |
| Function of Goblet cells | secrete mucous that lubricates chyme |
| Function of Enteroendocrine cells | secrete hormones |
| Function of Intestinal crypts | they are epithelial cells that secrete intestinal juice |
| What tissue makes up the small intestine? | columnar epithelium |
| What modifications are found in the small intestine to help with absorption | - circular folds (ridges of mucosa and submucosa)
- Villi (fingerlike projections of mucosa)
- Microvilli (increases surface area) |
| Name this structure | Circular fold |
| Name this structure | submucosa |
| Name this structure | Serosa |
| Name this structure | Longitudinal muscle |
| Name this structure | circular muscle |
| Name this structure | Simple columnar epithelium |
| Name this structure | Lacteal |
| Name this structure | Villi |
| Name this structure | lymph nodule |
| Name this structure | Intestinal gland |
| Name this structure | Nerve plexus |
| Name this structure | mucous gland in submucosa |
| Name this structure | inner circular layer |
| Name this structure | outer longitudinal layer |
| Name this structure | serosa |
| Name this structure | microvilli |
| Name this structure | goblet cell |
| Name this structure | Mesentery |
| Name this structure | Myenteric plexus |
| Name this structure | Submucosal nerve plexus |
| Name this structure | Glands in submucosa |
| Name this structure | epithelium (simple columnar) |
| Name this structure | Lamina Propria |
| Name this structure | muscularis mucosae |
| Name this structure | Lumen |
| Name this structure | lymphoid tissue (in mucosa) |
| Name this structure | Submucosa |
| Name this structure | circular layer (inner) |
| Name this structure | longitudinal layer (external) |
| Name this structure | epithelium |
| Name this structure | connective tissue |
| Function of Large Intestine | Absorbs water and electrolytes
peristaltic movements forces feces towards the rectum
small amount of digestion by bacteria |
| What are the subdivisions of the Large intestine? | Cecum
appendix
colon
rectum
anal canal |
| What are special features found in the Large intestine? | - Teniae coli
-Haustra
-Epiploic appendages |
| Define Teniae coli | Teniae coli is the thickening of longitudinal muscularis |
| Define Haustra | Haustra describes the puckering created by the teniae coli |
| Define Epiploic appendages | fat filled pouches of visceral peritoneum |
| Define the cecum | - blind pouch
- the beginning of the large intestine
- where the small and large intestine connect |
| Define the appendix | - serves an immune function
- contains lymphoid tissue
- neutralizes pathogens |
| What are the different segments of the colon? | - ascending
- transverse
- descending
- sigmoid colon |
| Define the rectum | - end of the large intestine/colon
- descends along inferior half of the sacrum |
| Define the anal canal | - last division of the large intestine
- lined with stratified squamous epithelium |
| What are the vessels and nerves found in the first half of the large intestine? | supplied by the superior mesenteric artery
sympathetic innervation by the superior mesenteric and celiac ganglia
parasympathetic innervation by vagus nerve |
| What are the vessels and nerves found in the distal half of the large intestine? | supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery
sympathetic innervation by the inferior mesenteric and hypogastric plexus
parasympathetic innervation by pelvic splanchnic nerves |
| Anatomy of the Large intestine | - NO villi
- contains many goblet cells
- simple tubular glands (intestinal crypts)
- lined with simple columnar epithelial tissue (colonocytes) except at anal canal (stratified squamous) |
| Name this structure | Transverse colon |
| Name this structure | Ascending colon |
| Name this structure | Descending colon |
| Name this structure | appendix |
| Name this structure | Cecum |
| Name this structure | Rectum |
| Name this structure | Anal canal |
| Name this structure | sigmoid colon |
| Name this structure (blue) | Haustrum |
| Name this structure (B) | ileum |
| Name this structure (I) | Teniae coli |
| Name this structure (J) | Superior mesenteric artery |
| Name this structure | colonocytes |
| Name this structure | Intestinal crypt |
| Name this structure | Muscularis mucosae |
| Name this structure | opening of intestinal gland |
| Name this structure | Lamina propria |
| Name this structure | muscularis mucosae |
| Name this structure | Internal circular muscular layer |
| Name this structure | external longitudinal muscular layer |
| Name this structure | myenteric plexus |
| Name these structures | blue: mucosa
green: submucosa
purple: muscular layer
yellow: serous layer |
