| MAJOR CLASSES OF CELL SURFACE RECEPTOR | G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR |
| MAJOR CLASSES OF CELL SURFACE RECEPTOR | G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR |
| MAJOR CLASSES OF CELL SURFACE RECEPTOR | LIGAND ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR |
| MAJOR CLASSES OF CELL SURFACE RECEPTOR | TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR |
| MAJOR CLASSES OF CELL SURFACE RECEPTOR | ENZYMATIC RECEPTOR |
| SIGNALING MOLECULE RESPONSIBLE FOR CELL INHIBITION/ STIMULATION | LIGAND |
| A SPECIFIC PROTEIN RESPONSIBLE IN BINDING OF SIGNALLING MOLECULE` | RECEPTOR |
| LIPOPHILIC RECEPTOR FOUND WITHIN THE CELL | INTRACELLULAR RECEPTOR |
| LIPOPHOBIC / HYDROPHILIC RECEPTOR FOUND OUTSIDE THE CELL | CELL-SURFACE RECEPTOR |
| HORMONES ARE THE SIGNALLING MOLECULE WHEREIN CELL SEND SIGNALS FROM FAR TARGET CELL | ENDOCRINE SIGNALING |
| SIGNALING MOLECULES RELEASED BY THE CELL ONLT TO AFFECT CLOSE PROXIMITY | PARACRINE SIGNALING |
| CELL RELEASE SIGNALING MOLECULE WITHIN THEMSELVES. IT IS ALSO OBSERVABLE ON TUMOR CELLS | AUTOCRINE SIGNALING |
| HOW DOES SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION OCCUR
1. THE TARGET CELL WILL THEN DETECT THE SIGNALING MOLECULE BY A SPECIFIC RECEPTOR PROTEIN
2. IT WILL THEN NOW BE RELEASED BY THE SIGNALING CELL
3. CELL WILL SYNTHESIS ITS SIGNALING MOLECULE
4. AND TRANSFER THE SIGNALING MOLECULE TO THE TARGET CELL
5. AFTER THE RESPONSE IS GIVEN THEIR WILL NOW BE A TERMINATION OF SIGNAL WHERE THE SIGNALING MOLECULE WILL BE REMOVED FROM THE RECEPTOR
6. A CHANGE WILL OCCUR WITHIN THE CELL RESULTING TO A TRIGGERED EFFECT (EITHER STIMULATE/ INHIBITED) | 3, 2, 4, 1, 6, 5 |
| DETERMINES THE SPECIFICITY OF THE LIGAND TO ITS RECEPTOR | LIGAND BINDING SPECIFICITY |
| DETERMINES THE SPECIFIC CELLULAR RESPONSE OF THE CELL | EFFECTOR SPECIFICITY |
| DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF HORMONES | SMALL LIPOPHILIC MOLECULE |
| DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF HORMONES | WATER SOLUBLE HORMONES |
| DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF HORMONES | SMALL CHARGED MOLECULE |
| DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF HORMONES | LIPOPHILIC MOLECULE WITH HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT |
| A SPECIFIC LIGAND BINDING TO A G-PROTEIN RECEPTOR WOULD LEAD TO ACTIVATION OF? | G PROTEIN |
| BINDING OF LIGAND WOULD EITHER CHANGE THE CONFORMATION OF THE RECEPTOR ALLOWING EITHER ION EFFLUX OR INFLUX | LIGAND ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR |
| EXAMPLE OF LIGAND ION CHANEL | ACETYLCHOLINE |
| EXAMPLE OF G-PROTEIN | SEROTONIN |
| THESE RECEPTORS DO NOT EXHIBIT INTRINSIC CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, BINDING TO IT WILL TURN THE RECEPTOR INTO DIMERIC | TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR |
| WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR ACTIVATES | THERE WILL BE A SUCCESSIVE ACTIVATION OF TYROSINE KINAE DOWNSTREAM |
| EXAMPLE OF TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR | GROWTH FACTOR |
| EXAMPLE OF TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR | CYTOKINE |
| EXAMPLE OF TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR | INTERFERON |
| EXAMPLE OF G-PROTEIN | GLUCAGON |
| EXAMPLE OF G-PROTEIN | EPINEPHRINE |
| ENZYMATIC RECEPTOR | GROWTH FACTOR AND INSULIN |
| LIGAND ACTIVATES THIS RECEPTOR'S INTRINSIC ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY | ENZYMATIC RECEPTOR |
| THIS RECEPTOR IS AN ENZYME AWAITING ACTIVATION BY A LIGAND | ENZYMATIC RECEPTOR |
| SECOND MESSENGERS: | Inositol phospholipids (phosphoinositides) |
| SECOND MESSENGERS: | Inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3) |
| SECOND MESSENGERS: | 1,2 diacylglycerol (DAG) |
| SECOND MESSENGERS: | 3’ 5’ cyclic AMP (cAMP) |
| SECOND MESSENGERS: | 3’ 5’ cyclic GMP (cGMP) |
| SECOND MESSENGERS: | Calcium |
| SIGNALING PROTEINS | GTPASE SWITCH PROTEIN |
| SIGNALING PROTEINS | PROTEIN KINASE |
| GTPASE SWITCH PROTEIN | TRIMERIC G PROTEIN |
| GTPASE SWITCH PROTEIN | MONOMERIC RAS AND RAS LIKE PROTEIN |
| A G-PROTEIN THAT IS DIRECTLY ASSOCIATED WITH RECEPTORS | TRIMERIC G PROTEIN |
| A SWITCH PROTEIN THAT IS INDIRECTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE RECEPTOR | MONOMERIC RAS AND RAS LIKE PROTEIN |
| AN ENZYME THAT BINDS GTP TO RELEASE PHOSPHATE AS ENERGY SOURCE. THIS ALSO STANDS AS A MOLECULAR SWITCHES | GTPASE SWITCH PROTEIN |
| TYPE OF SWITCH PROTEIN THAT ACTIVATES REACTION | GTP |
| TYPE OF SWITCH PROTEIN THAT INHIBITS REACTION | GDP |
| A SIGNALING PROTEIN THAT ACTIVATES IN RESPONSE TO STIMULATION OF SIGNALING PATHWAYS, IT ALSO CARRIES OUT PROCESS OF PHOSPHORYLATION | PROTEIN KINASE |
| A SIGNAL PROTEIN THAT DOES NOT PARTICIPATE IN CATALYTIC ACTIVITY BUT CONTAINS DOMAINS THAT ATTACH TO OTHER PROTEIN TO MAKE THEM FUNCTIONAL | ADAPTER PROTEINS |
| TYPES OF SIGNALING PATHWAY | G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR SIGNALING (GPCR) |
| TYPES OF SIGNALING PATHWAY | RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE SIGNALING (RTK) AND RAS |
| TYPES OF SIGNALING PATHWAY | MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN SIGNAL (MAP) |
| GPCR ARE LINKED IN WHAT TYPE OF G-PROTEIN | TRIMERIC G PROTEIN |
| HOW MANY TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAINS AN GPCR HAVE | 7 TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN |
| WHY DOES TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN IMPORTANT IN GPCR | THE TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAINS OF GCPR BINDS TO LIGAND CAUSING FOR THE TRIMETRIC G PROTEIN TO BE ACTIVATED |
| WHAT ARE THE SUBUNITS OF TRIMERIC G PROTEINS | α, β, γ |
| DOES GTP INITIALLY ATTACHED TO INACTIVE FORM OF G PROTEIN
TRUE OR FALSE | FALSE |
| WHAT HAPPENS IF TRIMERIC G-PROTEIN BINDS TO A LIGAND? | GDP WILL BE RELEASED CAUSING FOR GTP TO BIND ON THE ALPHA-G-PROTEIN |
| WHAT WILL HAPPENED IF ALPHA-G-PROTEIN IS ACTIVATED | GTP WILL HYDROLYZE FORMING PHOSPHATIDYL INOSITOL (Pi) WHICH WILL BE RELEASE RESULTING FOR THE GDP IN THE ALPHA SUBUNIT TO RETURN TO ITS FORMER POSITION WITH Gβ AND Gγ |
| GPCR ACTIVATES GENERATION OF THE FOLLOWING 2ND MESSENGERS | cAMP |
| GPCR ACTIVATES GENERATION OF THE FOLLOWING 2ND MESSENGERS | IP3 |
| GPCR ACTIVATES GENERATION OF THE FOLLOWING 2ND MESSENGERS | DAG |
| GPCR ACTIVATES GENERATION OF THE FOLLOWING 2ND MESSENGERS | Ca++ |
| ADENYLY CYCLASE | WHAT ENZYME FORMS cAMP FROM ATP |
| A 2ND MESSENDGER PRODUCED FROM HYDROLYSIS OF PYROPHOSPHATE FROM ATP | cAMP |
| 1. _____ A SECOND MESSENGER THAT REGULATES CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM AND ACTIVATES 2. _______ | cAMP ; ACTIVATES GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE PROMOTING GYCOGENOLYSIS |
| DIFFERENT CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM OF cAMP | GLYCOGENOLYSIS |
| CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM OF cAMP | GLYCOGENESIS |
| CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM OF cAMP | cAMP IS INHIBITED BY INSULIN |
| CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM OF cAMP | cAMP IS ACTIVATED BY EPINEPHRINE AND GLUCAGON |
| ACTIVATED BY EPINEPHRINE AND GLUCAGON | cAMP |
| cAMP INHIBITS GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE | GLYCOGENESIS |
| cAMP ACTIVATES GLYCOGEN | GLYCOGENOLYSIS |
| WHAT SUBSTANCE INHIBITS cAMP | INSULIN |
| ENZYME CONVERTS PHOSPHATIDYL INOSITOL (Pi) INTO PHOSPHATIDYL TRIPHOSPHATE (PIP3) AND DIACYLGLYCEROL (DAG) | PHOSPHOLIPASE C β |
| SUBSTANCE RELEASE IN RESULT TO INCREASED IP3 | CALCIUM |
| WHAT ACTIVATES KINASE C TO PHOSPHORYLATE | DAG AND CALCIUM |
| SUBSTANCES DERIVED FROM PHOSPHOINOSITIDES | PHOSPHATIDYL INOSITOL (Pi) |
| SUBSTANCES DERIVED FROM PHOSPHOINOSITIDES | PHOSPHATIDYL PHOSPHATE (PIP) |
| SUBSTANCES DERIVED FROM PHOSPHOINOSITIDES | PHOSPHATIDYL BI[HOS[HATE (PIP2) |
| SUBSTANCES DERIVED FROM PHOSPHOINOSITIDES | PHOSPHATIDYL TRIPHOSPHATE (PIP3) |
| WHAT WOULD RELEASE CALCIUM FROM THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM | PHOSPHATIDYL TRIPHOSPHATE (PIP3) |
| WHAT IS THE INACTIVATED FORM OF RTK | MONOMER |
| WHAT IS THE ACTIVATED FORM OF RTK | DIMER |
| WHAT WILL HAPPENED IF A LIGAND BINDS TO RTK | AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION OF TYROSINE RESIDUE IN CYTOSOLIC DOMAIN WILL BE ACTIVATED |
| AN INTRACELLULAR MONOMERIC OF GTPASE | RAS |
| WHAT IS THE ACTIVATED PROTEINS OF RAS | GEF |
| INACTIVATED PROTEINS OF RAS | GAP |
| GAP - INACTIVATED PROTEIN BECAUSE OF | GDP |
| GEF - ACTIVATED PROTEIN BECAUSE OF | GTP |
| SUBTYPE GRB2 | SH2 AND SH3 DOMAINS |
| GRB2 SUBTYPE THAT BINDS TO PHOSPHOTYROSINE RESIDUE | SH2 DOMAIN |
| GRB2 SUBTYPE THAT BINDS TO ACTIVATE SoS | SH3 DOMAIN |
| FUNCTIONS AS GEF (GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE PROTEIN) OF RTK | SoS |
| THIS CONVERTS GDP-RAS TO GTP-RAS | SoS |
| A SIGNALING PATHWAY THAT TRANSLOCATES TO THE NUCLEUS TO PHOSPHOSRYLATE PROTEIN INVOLVED IN TRANSCRIPTION | MITOGEN ACTIVATED PATHWAY (MAP) |
| PROTEIN THAT BINDS IN THE ACTIVE OF RAS IN ORDER TO BE ACTIVATED | RAF |
| PROTEIN THAT BINDS IN THE ACTIVE OF RAS IN ORDER TO BE ACTIVATED | MEF |
| ACTIVATED BY RAS TO BE RECRUITED IN THE MEMBRANE AND IN ORDER TO ACTIVATE MEK | RAF |
| ONCE RAS IS ACTIVATED, ______ WILL BE RECRUITED TO THE MEMBRANE AND WILL BE ACTIVATED. | RAF |
| RAS WILL RETURN TO ITS INACTIVE STATE WHILE _____ WILL ACTIVATE MEF IN ORDER TO ACTIVATE MAP KINASE | RAF |
| A PROTEIN THAT ACTIVATES MAP | MEF |
| A CIS ACTING DNA SEQUENCE IN GENE | cAMP RESPONSE ACTING ELEMENT (CRE) |
| cAMP RESPONSE ACTING ELEMENT IS ACTIVATED BY WHAT SECOND MESSENGER | cAMP |
| TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR WHERE CRE BIND | CRE-BINDING PROTEIN (CREB) |
| ALLOWS CREB TO STIMULATE TRANSCRIPTION | CBP/300 |
| SEQUENCE F G-PROTEIN CAMP PATHWAY
1. CREB WILL NOW BIND TO CO-ACTIVATOR CBP/3006
2. cAPK WILL DIRECTLY GO TO THE NUCLEUS AND PHOSPHORYLATE CREB
3. cAMP DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE (cAPK) WILL BE ACTIVATED BY cAMP | 3,2,1 |
