| What is Simple Distillation used for? | This is used to Separate out Solutions |
| How does this work? Use an example with Sea Water. | 1. Pour your solution into a distillation flask and heat it up
2. The component that has the lowest boiling point will evaporate. This case will be Water
3. The Water vapor will go through the condenser and will condense. [Make sure cold water is ran through to ensure it is cold]
4. The Pure Water will be in beaker while the salt will be left there, in the Distillation flask |
| What problem is encountered with Simple Distillation? | One of the problems is that this can only work with mixtures that have very different boiling points. |
| What is Fractional Distillation used for? | This is used to separate a mixture of liquids with similar boiling points |
| Explain Fractional Distillation. Use Crude Oil as an example. | 1. Pour your mixture into a Flask. Attach said flask then to a Fractionating column that is filled with Glass Rods.
2. Heat up the mixture slowly. The different liquids again have different boiling points meaning they will evaporate at different temperatures
3. The liquid with the Lowest Boiling point will evaporate first. When the thermometer has reached the boiling point for that liquid, it will allow it to reach the Top of the Fractionating column. Other liquids may also evaporate [as there similar] but fail to reach the top, as its colder there meaning they will condense and go back down.
4. The Chosen liquid will then flow through the Condenser and fill up a Flask or a Measuring Cylinder. You then repeat to get the next one. |
| What do you do if the liquid is Flammable? | If its flammable, do not use a Bunsen burner but instead use a Water Bath, or a Electronic Heater |
