| What were the responses of your kashmir pakistan tectonic hazard case study? | 1)International aid - helicopters, rescue dogs and teams of people but many rescued very late or by hand with no equipment
2)Tents, blankets and medical supplies distributed but took 1 month to reach most areas
3)40,000 people from one town were relocated to a new settlement
4)Government movey was given for houses but many used it on food. After 3 years many still in temporary tents.
5)Aid was given for schools but 10 years later people still being taught outside. |
| Explain how sea ice positions can be used as evidence for climate change. | 1)The sea ice that forms around the poles is observed at the maximum and minimum extent of sea ice each year
2)The data is very reliable but accurate records dont go very far back |
| Give two worldwide environmental impacts of climate change. | 1)sea level rises losing habitat
2)change in precipitation patterns |
| Describe the antarctic treaty | 1)12 countries made it in 1959 they gave 6 principals
-1-no mineral exploitation allowed
-2-plants and animals must be concerved
-3-areas of environment must be protected
-4-rules for waste disposal, minimise waste
-5-regualtions for sewage discharge from vessels
-6-activities must have environmental impact assessment before hand
2)strict rules about introduction of non natives so ecosystem isnt disrupted, restrictions on eating drinking and weeing
3)globally agreed rules on tour operators only 100 visitors at one time
4)some think should be extended to cover ocean |
| Describe your flash flooding case study. | Boscastle village, North coast of Cornwall
16th August 2004 |
| What were the causes of your flash flooding case study. | 1)low pressure system brought warm rising air from Atlantic ocean, cooled as it rose forming thuderstorms and intense rainfall. This also meant 75mm rain (monthly amount) fell in 2 hours
2)Previous rain wet the land so it couldnt absorb rain leading to surface run off
3)Bostcastle is in a steep-side valley in the confluence of 3 rivers. Steep valley side means surface ran off to river channels quickly so 2 billion litres of water funneled down river into boscastle
4)Cars and trees trapped in the arch of an old bridge forming a dam |
| What were the responses of your flash flooding case study. | 1)Emergency services aided with 7 helicopters rescuing around 100 people
2)Residents looked after in village hall and local accommodation
3)Homes, businesses and roads eventually rebuilt
4)The bridge arch was rebuilt higher less likely to trap debris
5)£10mil flood defence scheem in 2008 widening and deepening river |
| What were the consequences of your flash flooding case study. | 1)58 properties, 4 businesses, roads and bridges destroyed or damaged
2)Flood was sudden so couldn't evacuate or move belongings
3)50 cars washed out to sea - environmental pollution
4)Tourism industry dropped , 90% local economy reliant on tourism
5)1 injury, many stressed mainly because of insurance claims |
| Give the 3 ways to mitigate tectonic hazards. | 1)Early warning systems
-networks of seismometers and lazers work together to moniter earths movements andareas of risk (few minutes/seconds before)
-quick communication when shaking detected (sms/sirens)
-useful as: people get under cover-stop delicate jobs(surgery)-shut of gas
2)Predicting and monitering volcanoes
-scientists moniter tell-tale signs before through seismometers lasers, escaping gas and tiny quakes
-monitered during eruptions - increase evacuation zone - track ashclouds for aircrafts - use gasmask for ash
3)Building design
-buildings which dont collapse - less deaths, cheaper repairs
-strengthen building and bridges
-flexible pipelines prevents flooding and fires |
| Describe a Destructive Plate Boundary | - 2 plates move towards eachother
- oceanic meets continental plate
- denser (oceanic) plate is forced down into mantle & destroyed
- often creates volcanoes & trenches |
| Describe a Collision Plate Boundary | - 2 Continental plates move towards each other
- Both are folded & forced upwards creating Fold mountains |
| Describe a Constructive Plate Boundary | - 2 Plates move away from eachother
- Magma rises from the mantle to fill the gap & cools, creating new crust |
| Describe a Conservative Plate Boundary | - 2 plates move sideways past each other, or in the same direction at different speeds
- Crust isn't created or destroyed |
