| what is the commercial use of amines | used as intermediates in the synthesis of medicines and fibres |
| where do amines occur in nature | they occur among protiens, vitamins, alkaloids and hormones. |
| what synthetic examples are there of amines | polymers, dyestuffs and drugs |
| two biologically active compounds of amine | adrenaline and ephedrine ( both contain secondary amino group, used to increase blood pressure) |
| a synthetic amino compound used as anaesthetic in dentistry | novocain |
| a known antihistaminic drug which contains tertiary amino group | benadryl |
| structure of amines | nitrogen orbitals in amines is sp3 hybridised and the geometry is pyramidal. and the angle C-N-E ( H or C) is less than 109.5 degree |
| angle in case of trimethylamine | 108 degrees |
| what are aliphatic amines | an amine in the molecule of which there are no aromatic rings directly on nitrogen atom |
| how do you give common names for amines | alkylamine but we add di or tri before it when 2 or more groups are same |
| IUPAC names for amines | alkanamines |
| how are arylamines named in IUPAC | we replace the e of arene by amine |
| what is the formula for aniline | C6H5NH2 |
| how are nitro compounds made into amines | reducing them by passing H2 gas through them in presence of Ni, Pd or Platinum |
| why is reduction with iron scrap and HCl preferred | because FeCl2 formed gets hydrolysed to release HCl during the reaction, thus only a small amount of HCl is required to initiate the reaction. |
| explain ammonolysis | the process of cleavage of the C-X bond by ammonia molecule |
| how is ammonolysis carried out | it is carried out in a sealed tube at 373 K, the primary amine thus obtained behaves as a nucleophile and can further react with alkyl halide to form secondary and tertiary amines and finally quaternary ammonium salt. |
| how is the free amine obtained from ammonium salt | by treatment with a strong base |
| what is the disadvantage of ammonolysis | the yeild is a mixture of primary, secondary and tertiary amines and also a quaternary ammonium salt. |
| order of reactivity of halides with amines | RI>RBr>RCl |
