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level: Genetics

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Genetics

Question	Answer
What are genetics?	The study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring
What is the name for 1 or more forms of the same gene?	Allele.
What is the name for the building blocks of proteins?	Amino acids.
What is the name for the thread-like structure that contains all or part of the DNA?	Chromosome.
What is the name for the 3-base group used in genetic code?	Codon.
What is the name for the structure of DNA?	Double-helix.
What is the basic hereditary unit that carries the instructions to make a particular protein called?	Gene.
What is the name for all of the information encoded in our genes?	Genome.
What is the name for the genetic makeup of a cell or organism?	Genotype.
What is a cell called that has pairs of different alleles?	Heterozygous.
What is a cell called if it has identical alleles?	Homozygous.
What is the term used to describe a change in a cell's genetic code?	Mutation.
What term describes the physical characteristics of an organism?	Phenotype.
What is an allele called if it shows in a heterozygous genotype?	Dominant.
What is an allele called if it is not expressed unless it's genotype homozygous?	Recessive.
What is commonly used to determine the phenotypes of the childern using the genotypes of the parents?	A Punnet Square.
In a Punnet Square, what are the parents called?	Carriers.
Why can't a red-head be heterozygous for the condition?	Because a recessive allele will only be expressed in an individual if they have a homozygous genotype.
What are the 4 types of inheritance?	Simple Inheritance; Incomplete Inheritance; Co-Domination; Sex-linked Inheritance.
What is the full form of DNA	Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is a building block consisting of a sugar group, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base called?	A nucleotide.
Cells use amino acids to make _______ _________.	Protein molecules.
What is the process when DNA is copied exactly called?	Replication.
What is the disease in which the individual has an extra chromosome (number 21)?	Tri-21 (Down Syndrome).
What are body cells called?	Somatic cells.
What are sex cells called?	Gametes.
What is the passing on of characteristics from the parents to the offspring called?	Heredity.
What is the characteristic that is inherited called?	A trait.
What is the offspring of parents that have different forms of a trait called?	A hybrid.
What is the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo called?	The Cell Cycle.
What only pairs with Thymine (T)?	Adenine (A).
What only pairs with Guanine (G)?	Cytosine (C).
What are the 'rungs' of DNA made up of?	The 4 nitrogen bases: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C).
What is a nucleotide base attached to?	Sugar.
What are the 'rails' of DNA made up of?	Sugar and Phosphate.
What is the sugar in DNA?	Deoxyribose.
True/false: The Y chromosome is small and carries very few genes.	True.
Somatic cells are _______.	Diploid.
Gametes are _______	Haploid.
Chromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern, with genes in the same loci are called what?	Homologous pairs.
Females have a homologous pair of chromosomes (____).	XX.
Males have an ____ chromosome.	XY.
In a Pedigree, a male is represented by what?	A square.
In a Pedigree, a female is represented by what?	A circle.
Where are chromosomes located?	In the nucleus of a cell.
Where are genes located?	On the chromosomes.
Where are 2 identical copies of the chromosome located?	At the centromere.
Who is the "father of modern genetics"?	Gregor Mendel.
What is it called when A bonds to T and C to G?	Base pairing.
Which type of blood is the universal donor?	Type 'O'.
Which type of blood is the universal recipient?	Type 'AB'.
What is the type of inheritance that is gender-specific?	Sex-linked Inheritance.
What speeds up a chemical reaction, and is released unchanged?	An enzyme.
What are genetically identical cells, created through Mitosis called?	Daughter cells.
Why would you expect half the children born in the world to be female?	Because there is a 50% chance that the sperm carries an X- or a Y-chromosome.
What is the probability of the offspring retracting a recessive gene (aa)?	25%, 50% chance the offspring will retract a heterozygous dominant gene, 25% chance of it being homozygous dominant and 25% chance homozygous recessive.
Is the genetic condition shown in the below pedigree caused by a recessive allele or a dominant allele?	Recessive allele; children do not have the condition.