| What are the 2 different types of chromatin and whether are they expressed or not | Heterochromatin - not expressed and densly packed
Euchromatin - expressed |
| What are the 3 stages of transcription | Initiation
Elongation
Termination |
| What processes are done to produce a mature mRNA from pre-mRNA | Capping at the 5 prime end, a 5 prime cap is added to protect the DNA
Tailing at the 3 prime end, a polyA tail is added to protect the DNA
Splicing - in the middle it removes the introns which are non-codded regions |
| What are the 4 types of RNA | rRNA - ribosomal RNA
mRNA- messenger RNA
tRNA - transfer RNA4
miRNA - microRNA |
| During tailing, what is needed? | Lots of ATP
PolyA polymerase enzyme |
| Define Splicing | Removal of introns using a splicosome complex which cuts introns out and sticks exons together |
| What is a codon wobble defined during translation | Multiple codon/anticodons for each amino acid , signalled by using the letter I |
| What catalyses the reaction of tRNA and an amino acid before going to the ribosome | tRNA synthase |
| What are the 3 stages in translation and what happens in each | Initiation - Recognition of the start codon ( AUG ) and binding to form a methioyl tRNA ribosome
ELongation - Translating the protein by 5 prime to 3 prime growth
Termination - STOP codon recognition and dissociation of ribosome |
| What are the subunits that make up the 80S ribosome in humans | 60S and 40S subunits |
| What are the subunits that make up the 70S ribosomes | 30S and 50S subunits |
| What is the complex formed when an anticodon and codon are formed | Codon-anticodon complex using hydrogen bonds |
