| Bulbourethral Glands | pair of glands below the prostate that secrete fluid into the urethra |
| Ejaculation | ejection of sperm and fluid from the male urethra |
| Epididymis | one of a pair of tightly coiled tubes lying on top of each testicle. |
| Flagellum | hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile |
| Gametes | sex cell; sperm in males and ova in females |
| Genitalia | reproductive organs such as the ovaries, uterus, and vagina in females; the testes, penis and vas deferens in males |
| Glans Penis | sensitive tip of the penis |
| Gonads | sex organs that produce gametes |
| Intact | male that has not been neutered |
| Os Penis | bone found in the penis of some carnivores |
| Perineum | in males, the area between the anus and scrotum |
| Prepuce | cutaneous sheath covering the penis |
| Prostate Gland | gland in males that surrounds the urethra |
| Scrotum | External sac that contains the testes |
| Semen | Spermatozoa and fluid |
| Seminiferous Tubules | narrow, coiled wide tubules that produce sperm in the testes. |
| Spermatozoon | sperm cell |
| Testes | male gonads that produce spermatozoa and testosterone |
| Testosterone | hormone produced by testes and responsible for the male sex characteristics |
| Urethra | tube that carries urine and semen to the outside of the body |
| vas deferens | narrow tube that carries sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra |
| Cryptorchism | condition in which one or both testicles is undescended |
| Neuter | removal of male gonads |
| Persistent Frenulum | incomplete separation of the penis and prepuce |
| Scrotal Hydrocele | Swelling of the scrotum due to a collection of fluid in the testes or along the spermatic cord |
| Amnion | innermost membrane around the developing embryo; amniotic sac |
| Amniotic Fluid | fluid contained within the amnion |
| Cervix | lower neck-like portion of the uterus |
| Chorion | outermost membrane surrounding the embryo |
| Coitus | sexual intercourse |
| Colostrum | first milk-like substance produced by the female after birth; high in protein and antibodies |
| Embryo | early stage of development from fertilization to when major structures begin to develop |
| Endometrium | inner lining of uterus |
| Estrogen | hormone produced by the ovaries and responsible for the female secondary sex characteristics |
| Estrus | time of sexual receptivity; heat |
| Fertilization | union of sperm and ovum; conception |
| Fetus | later stages of development after major structures have developed |
| Fimbriae | finger-like projections at the ends of the uterine tubes |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | hormone produced by the pituitary to stimulate the maturation of ovum |
| Gestation | length of pregnancy |
| Involution of the uterus | the uterus returns to its normal non-pregnant size |
| Lactation | normal secretion of milk |
| Litter | group of offspring born during the same labor |
| Luteinizing Hormone (LH) | hormone produced by pituitary to promote ovulation |
| Meconium | first feces of the newborn |
| Myometrium | muscle lining the uterus |
| Neonate | newborn |
| Ovaries | pair of female organs on either side of the pelvis that produce estrogen and progesterone |
| Ovulation | Release of ovum from the ovary |
| Ovum | female gamete |
| Oxytocin | hormone produced by the pituitary that stimulates the uterus to contract as well as milk secretion |
| Parturition | act of giving birth |
| Perineum | area between the anus and vagina |
| Placenta | vascular organ that develops the the uterine wall during pregnancy |
| Pregnancy | condition of having a developing embryo or fetus in the body |
| Progesterone | hormone produced by the ovaries during pregnancy to protect the embryo and stimulate lactation |
| Umbilicus | navel |
| Urethra | tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
| Uterine horns | pair of tubes extending from the uterine tubes to the body of the uterus |
| Uterine tubes | pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterine horns |
| Uterus | the womb |
| Vagina | tube extending from the uterus to the outside of the body |
| Viable | capable of living outside the uterus |
| Vulva | external genitalia of the female |
| Wean | remove the young from the mother so that they can no longer nurse |
| Abortion | spontaneous or induced termination or pregnancy before the fetus is viable |
| Artificial insemination | implanting of live sperm into the female genital tract |
| Cesarean section | removal of fetus by abdominal incision |
| Congenital anomoly | malformation present at or existing from birth |
| Eclampsia | decreased calcium during lactation causing convulsions and coma |
| Episiotomy | incision through the skin of the perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening for delivery |
| Fetotomy | surgical excision of a fetus |
| Galactorrhea | abnormal, persistent discharge of milk |
| Hydrocephalus | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain |
| Leaukorrhea | sticky, white discharge from the vagina indicative of a disease elsewhere in the reproductive system |
| Pyometra | Pus in the uterus |
| Ultrasound | diagnostic technique using ultrasound waves to produce an image of an organ or tissue |
| Uterine Prolapse | displacement of the uterus through vaginal orifice |
| Vaginal Prolapse | Displacement of the vagina through the vaginal orifice |
| Stud | intact male dog |
| Bitch | intact female dog |
| Whelp | young dog or pup |
| Whelping | giving birth to whelps |
| Pack | group of dogs |
| Litter | multiple offspring from the same labor |
| Tom | intact male cat |
| Queen | intact female cat |
| Kitten | Young cat |
| Queening | giving birth to kittens |
| Clowder | group of cats |
| Balantis | inflammation in the penis |
| Epididymitis | inflammation of the epididymis |
| Anorchism | condition without testicles |
| Orchectomy | removal of testis |
| Orchitis | inflammation of the testis |
| Orchiopexy | surgical fixation of testis |
| Orchiectomy | removal of testis |
| Orchidectomy | removal of testicles |
| Prostatectomy | removal of prostate gland |
| Prostatitis | inflammation of prostate gland |
| Prostatomegaly | enlargement of prostate gland |
| Aspermia | condition of no sperm |
| Oligospermia | scanty sperm |
| Spermolytic | pertaining to the destruction of sperm |
| Spermatogenesis | producing sperm |
| Testicular | pertaining to testes |
| Vasectomy | removal of vas deferense |
| Vasovasostomy | anastomosis of the ends of the severed vas deferens |
| Amniocentesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid from the amnion |
| Cervicitis | inflammation in the cervix |
| Endocervicitis | inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix |
| Colposcopy | visual examination of the vagina |
| Colporrhaphy | suture of vagina |
| Cytology | study of cells |
| Agalactia | condition of no milk |
| Hysterectomy | removal of the uterus |
| Hysteroscopy | visual examination of the uterus |
| Lactogenesis | producing milk |
| Mammary | pertaining to mammary glands |
| Mammary Carcinoma | malignant tumor of the mammary gland arising from epithelial tissue |
| Mammoplasty | surgical repair of mammary gland |
| Mastitis | inflammation of mammary glands |
| Mastectomy | removal of mammary glands |
| Metritis | inflammation of the uterus |
| Endometritis | inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus |
| Endometriosis | abnormal condition of the inner lining of the uterus |
| Pyometritis | inflammation with puss in the uterus |
| Neonatal | pertaining to newborn |
| Neonatology | study of newborns |
| Oogenesis | producing eggs |
| Oocyte | egg cells |
| Oophorectomy | removal of ovaries |
| Bilateral Oophorectomy | removal of both ovaries |
| Anovulation | no ovulation |
| Antepartum | before birth |
| Postmortem | after death |
| Postpartum | after birth |
| Pelvimetry | measurement of pelvis |
| Perineorrhaphy | suture of perineum |
| Pseudocyesis | false pregnancy |
| Pyorrhea | discharge of puss |
| Radiography | process of recording x-rays |
| Oxytocia | rapid labor |
| Dystocia | difficult labor |
| Umbilical | pertaining to umbilicus |
| Vaginitis | inflammation of the vagina |
| Vulvoplasty | surgical repair of vulva |
| Vulvovaginitis | inflammation of vulva and vagina |
