| osseous tissue | Bone tissue |
| ossification | process of bone formation |
| osteoblast | immature bone cell |
| osteoclast | bone cell that absorbs and removes bone tissue |
| osteocyte | bone cell |
| Articular cartilage | Thin layer of cartilage covering the surface of bones at a joint |
| calcium | the most abundant mineral in the body |
| Cancellous bone | found at the ends of long bones; porous or spongy bone |
| collagen | structural protein making up the white fibrous strands found in bone |
| compact bone | hard, dense bone tissue that forms the outer layer of bone |
| diaphysis | the shaft of a long bone |
| endosteum | the inner lining of bone |
| epiphyseal plate | growth plate |
| epiphysis | each end of a long bone |
| medullary cavity | central, hollow-out portion in the shaft of a long bone that contains yellow bone marrow |
| metaphysis | the flared potion of a long bone between the epiphyseal plate and diaphysis |
| periosteum | membrane surrounding bone |
| red bone marrow | found in cancellous bone and is the site of hematopoiesis |
| yellow bone marrow | found in the diaphysis of bone and consists of fatty tissue |
| long bone | these bones are longer then they are wide. |
| short bones | these bones are cuboidal |
| flat bones | two sheets of compact bone that allow for protection |
| sesamoid bones | sesamoid bones are small bones that are embedded in tendons |
| irregular bones | they share traits with several categories |
| acetabulum | cup-like depression in the pelvis that creates the hip joint |
| bone head | rounded articular process separated from the shaft of the bone by a neck |
| condyle | knuckle-like projections at the distal end of some long bones |
| foramen | a hole in bone that allows for the passage of nerves and vessels |
| olecranon | bony process at the proximal end of the ulna |
| tubercle | rounded process of many bones for the attachment of muscles and tendons |
| trochanter | large, blunt, roughened process on the femur for the attachment of muscles and tendons |
| Tuberosity | small roughened process on many bones for the attachment of muscles and tendons |
| os penis | bone found in the penis of some carnivores |
| achondroplasia | hereditary condition in which the bones and cartilage of the limbs fail to grow to normal size |
| amputation | removal of a limb or other appendage |
| calcification | deposit of calcium salts in tissue |
| crepitation; crepitus | crackling sound produced by the grating of broken bones |
| decalcification | loss of calcium salts in bone and teeth |
| dislocation | displacement of a bone from its joint |
| fracture | sudden breaking of bone |
| herniation of IVD | abnormal protrusion of an IVD into the neural cavity or spinal nerves |
| kyphosis | hunchback |
| laminectomy | removal of part of the vertebral arch to relieve pressure from ruptured IVD |
| lordosis | sway back |
| orthopedic | branch of surgery dealing with the skeletal system |
| osteoporosis | decreased bone density due to loss of bone tissue |
| reduction | correction of a fracture |
| carpus | joint consisting of the carpal bones |
| femorotibial joint | joint between the femur and the tibia |
| tarsus | the hock |
| articulation | where two or more bones come together; a joint |
| bursa | sac of fluid near a joint |
| ligament | connective tissue that binds bone to bone |
| suture | line or site of union of adjoining bones of the skull; stitches to close deep wounds; line or site of union of adjoining bones |
| symphysis | line or site of union in which two bones are united by fibrocartilage |
| synobial cavity | space between bones at a synovial joint which contains synovial fluid |
| synovial fluid | viscous fluid within the synovial cavity that acts as a lubricant between bones. |
| synovial joint | a freely movable joint |
| synovial membrane | membrane lining the synovial cavity |
| tendon | connective tissue that binds muscle to bone |
| gait | manner of walking |
| lame; lameness | incapable of normal locomotion |
| luxation | displacement of bone from its joint |
| subuxation | partial displacement of a bone from its joint |
| ACL | anterior cruciate ligament |
| CCL | cranial cruciate ligament |
| cardiac muscle | striated, involuntary muscle found in the heart |
| skeletal muscle | striated,voluntary muscles attached to bones all over the body |
| visceral muscle; smooth muscle | smooth,involuntary muscles responsible for the functioning of internal organs |
| abduction | movement AWAY from the midline of the body |
| adduction | movement TOWARD the midline of the body |
| extension | increasing the angle between two bones at a joint |
| flexion | decreasing the angle between two bones at a joint |
| ambulatory | able to walk |
| atrophy | no development due to a decrease from the normal cell size |
| fascia | fibrous connective tissue that envelopes, separates, and supports the muscles |
| hyperplasia | increased development due to an increase in cell membranes |
| hypertrophy | excessive development due to INCREASE IN CELL SIZE |
| hypoplasia | incomplete development due to decrease in cell numbers |
| laxity | looseness |
| myasthemia gravis | syndrone of muscular weakness that is aggravated by activity and relieved by rest |
| myasthemia | muscle weakness |
| tenosynovitis | inflammation of the tendon and tendon sheath |
| tetany | continous muscle spasms |
| totus | muscle tone |
