| Identify | Glycocalyx
-Outer part of cell surface (Carbohydrate rich)
-Consist of glycolipids, glycoproteins,, proteoglycans
-Protection
-Cell recognition/interaction
-Contains LECTINS- carb. binding proteins |
| Identify | Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
-Clathrin dependent
-Cargo Specific interaction via Adaptin
-Dynamin mediates vesicle pinching off from plasma mem. GTPase |
| Identify | Pinocytosis
-Constitutive
-Non-specific
-Clathing-independent
-Caveolin & Flotillin proteins in lipids rafts (Long-lived) |
| Identify | Phagocytosis |
| Endosomes | Encocytotic Pathway
-Early endosome: sort/package
-Late: Protein degration/ lysosome |
| Identify | Lysosome |
| Identify | Lysosome (Acid Phosphatase) |
| Identify | Autophagy |
| Identify | Nuclear Envelope |
| Identify | Nuclear Lamina
-Inner nuclear mem
-Lamins: type of intermediate filaments
-Lamin A Mutation: Hutchinson-Gilford Progerian Syndome |
| Identify | Nucleolus: Site of ribosome production
-Fibrillar Center: pale statining, DNA loops of 5 chromosomes (13,14,15, 21,22), rRNA genes
-Fibrillar Material: transcription of rRNA genes
-Granular Material: Initial ribosomal assembly |
| Identify | Rough ER |
| Identify | Rough ER |
| Identify | Rough ER |
| the act of smoothing | Smooth ER |
| Identify | Left: SER
Right: next to Mitochondira --> RER |
| Identify | Golgi Apparatus |
| Identify | Golgi Apparatus
-located next to nucleus * centrosome
-Microtubule Dependent
-Secrete antibodies (plasma cells)
-Secrete digestive enzymes (pancreatic acinar cells) |
| Identify | Golgi
-Cis
-Trans |
| Identify | Negative staining of Golgi |
| Identify | Liver Mitochondria |
| Identify | Heart mitochondria
-Cytochrome Oxidase |
| Identify | Peroxisomes
-fat metabolism
-catalyze initial reacitons in formation of plasmalogens (abundant class of phospholipids in myelin)
-Degrade toxic reactive oxygen molecules (contain CATALASE and Peroxidases)
-Dysfunctional --> Zellweger Syndrome |
| Identify | Microtubules |
| Identify | Centrioles |
| Identify | Microtubules & Centrosome (L2) |
| Identify | Flagellum |
| Identify | Primary Cilia
9+0 arrangement
Defects of Mechanoreceptors --> Polycystic Kidney Disease |
| Identify | Left: Microtubules
Right: Intermediate Filaments |
| 6 classes of Intermediate Filaments | 1/2. Keratins
3. Vimentin & Vimentin-like --> Mesoderm cells/Fibroblast of connective tissue (Desmin:muscle cells) (Glial Fibrillary acid protein: glial cells & astrocytes)
4. Neurofilaments
5. Lamins
6. Beaded Filaments --> Eye lens specific group |
| Identify | Green: Actin
Orange: Intermediate Filaments |
| Identify | Stereocilia
-long microvilli
Actin filament bundle anchored to terminal web
-Epididymis, Proximal ductus deferens & Sensory hair cells of inner ear |
| Sarcomere | I-band: Actin
A-band: Actin + Myosin
H-zone: Myosin |
| Identify | Lamellipodia
-actin filaments (Red)
-ARP complex -- actin related protein complex (Green)
-Sheet like structures |
| Identify | Lamellipodia
-common example: fibroblasts of connective tissue |
| Identify | Neutrophil Migration |
| Inclusions | Cytoplasmic or nuclear structures formed from metabolic products of the cell.
-Pigments
--Lipofuscin: wear and tear pigment of non-dividing cells
--Hemosiderin: iron-storage complex found in the cytoplasm, commonly in macrophages
--Melanin
-Glycogen
-Lipid |
| Identify | Lipids |
| Identify | Lipofuscin: wear and tear pigment of non-dividing cells |
| --Lipofuscin: wear and tear pigment of non-dividing cells | Melanin (Substantia nigra nerve cells) |
| Kartagener's Syndrome | Immotile cilia due to defects in microtubules.
-Leads to male sterility and femlae infertility |
| Clear space that pushed the cytoplasm and nucleus to the periphery of the cell? | Inclusions |
| Equation ? | Van't Hoff Equation |
| Effective Osmotic pressure | S= reflection coeffiction (0-1) |
| Equation? | Water flux |
| 5% Dextrose in water | Isotonic but physiologically hypotonic |
| 0.45% saline | Hypotonic |
| 0.9% Saline | Isotonic (BASE LINE) |
| 3.0% Saline | Hypertonic |
| Identify type of cell, organ? | Pancreatic duct
Simple cuboidal |
| Identify type of cell, organ? | Gallbladder
Simple columnar |
| Identify type of cell, organ? | Esophagus
Stratified Squamous E. |
| Identify (Stain, Organ) | Mallory-Azan Stain
-Epiglottis |
| Identify (Stain, Organ) | Mallory Stain
-Dense Connective Tissue |
| Identify (Stain, Muscle) | H&E
Skeletal Muscle |
| Identify (Stain, Muscle) | Mallory Stain
Cardiac Muscle |
| Identify (Stain, Muscle) | H&E
Smooth Muscle |
| Identify (Stain, Tissue) | Mallory Stain
Peripheral Nerve |
| Identify (Stain, Tissue) | Azan Stain
Nerve Ganglion |
| Identify | Stomach & Gastric Glands (Secretion) |
| Identify | Intestines (Absorption) |
| Identify | Trachea
Pseudostratified ciliated Columnar Epithelium
-For transportation |
| Identify | Skin
Stratified Squamous Keratinized Epithelium |
| Identify | Olfactory Epithelium |
| Identify | Endothelium (lining of heart, blood & lymphatics vessels)
Simple Squamous Epithelium |
| Identify | Endothelium |
| Identify | Mesentery
Superior view of mesothelial cells (lining of body cavities)
SILVER STAIN
Simplel squamous epithelium |
| Identify | Mesovarium
Simple squamous epithelium |
| Identify | Simple squamous Epithelium
Renal Corpuscle of Kidney |
| Identify | Respiratory spaces of lung
Alveoli
Simple Squamous Epithelium (Type I alveolar cells) |
| Identify | Pancreatic ducts
Simple cuboidal |
| Identify | Surface of ovary
Simple cuboidal |
| Identify | Surface of ovary
Simple cuboidal |
| Identify | Kidney Tubule |
| Identify | Thyroid Follicles
Simple cuboidal |
| Identify | Liver Hepatocytes |
| Identify | Small Intestine |
| Identify | Large intestine |
| Identify | Large Intestine |
| Identify | Gall Bladder
Simple Columnar |
| Identify | Uterine Tube |
| Identify | Uterine Tube |
| Identify | Trachea |
| Identify | Trachea |
| Identify | Trachea |
| Identify | Epididymis
Pseudostratified Columnar
Stereocilia |
| Identify | Ductus Deferens
Pseudostratified Columnar
Stereocilia |
| Identify | Esophagus
Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
| Identify | Vagina
Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
| Identify | Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Skin(Epidermis) |
| Identify | Duct of Eccrine Sweat Gland
Stratified Cuboidal |
| Identify | Stratified Columnar |
| Identify | Transitional Epithelium
Urothelium |
| Identify | Cilia |
| Identify | Cilia |
| Identify | Basal Body |
| Identify | Cross section of Cilia
9+2 arrangement |
| Identify | Microvilli |
| Identify | Stereocilia |
| Identify | Zona Adherens |
