| what is the most commonly injured organ in cases of blunt trauma? | spleen |
| when spleen is damaged it will | bleed profusely so frequently results in shock and life threat, blood accumulates under diaphragm so pain can be referred to left shoulder pain |
| when pancreas is injured where is pain often located? | upper abdo that radiates to back |
| when kidney is injured where is pain often located? | radiates from flank to groin and hematuria(blood in urine) |
| when liver is injured where is pain often located? | right shoulder |
| what are the hollow organs in body? | Stomach, gall bladder, large/small intestines, ureters/urinary bladder |
| what is important to consider when hollow organs rupture? | content spillage which causes inflammation of peritoneum |
| when stomach is injured what happens? | immediate peritonitis, pain, tenderness, guarding, rigidity |
| when colon is injured what is to be considered? | spillage of bacteria, may take 6 hrs to develop peritonitis |
| when small bowel is injured what is to be considered? | fewer bacteria, may take 24-48 hrs to develop peritonitis, a gradual onset of diffuse pain when bacterial |
| what are the % for penetrating trauma ? | liver 40%, small bowel 25% large bowel 10% |
| what organs are most often affected by blunt trauma? | #1 spleen, and liver |
| injury to abdominal wall may lead to | Evisceration (spilling of abdominal contents) |
| what is the major concern when hollow organs rupture | spillage of contents into - retroperitoneal space - peritoneal space- pelvic space |
| if there is a leakage from large intestines | there is a large amount of bacteria with can result in sepsis |
| Manifestations of blood loss | hematochezia, hematemesis, hematuria |
| Hematochezia | Blood in stool |
| hematemesis | Blood in emesis |
| hematuria | Blood in urine |
| Solid organs | Spleen, pancreas, kidney, liver |
| solid organs are prone to? | contusion, profuse bleeding which will cause abdo distention, fracture, unrestricted hemorrhage if organ is ruptured |
| Injury to vascular structures | blood accumulates beneath diaphragm causing : irritation of muscular structures, pain referred to shoulder region, greater volume of blood can be lost, presence of blood in abdo may stimulate vagus nerve resulting in slowing of HR |
| when this is a disruption to blood vessels supplying bowel: | it can lead to ischemia, necrosis, or rupture |
| when the peritoneum is injured where is pain often located and what happens? | slight tenderness @ location of injury, rebound tenderness (associated w/peritonitis ), guarding, rigid, board like feel |
| if your PT has eviscerated intestines what steps should you follow | make no attempt to replace them back into abdo, cover the eviscerated intestines with moist, sterile large,bulky dressings and if possible seal with a sterile occlusive dressing and transport |
| The blunt trauma injury in the abdomen due to one part of an organ being free to move and the other part being restricted to movement are through: | shear impact |
| Tears in the diaphragm may cause compromise during respiration and also: | force parts of the liver into the thoracic cavity |
| Patients with renal injuries may have pain in the: | Back |
| The ligamentum teres restrains the: | liver from forward motion. |
| The mesentery provides the bowel with circulation, attachment, and | innervation |
| Penetrating trauma to the lateral abdomen is likely to injure the | large bladder |
| To help protect the mother from hypovolemia in the third trimester, the maternal vascular volume can increase by up to: | 45 percent |
| In anticipation of shock due to a serious mechanism of injury, start a large bore IV line with normal saline to be prepared to deliver a bolus of: | 20 cc per kilogram. |
