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level: Fluids and electrolytes, continued

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Fluids and electrolytes, continued

Question	Answer
Which gauge catheter or needle should be used for an older adult?	24 to 26 gauge
Patients with IV's should keep extremities ________.	Extended
What is infiltration caused by?	Dislodgement of IV cannula from vein (going through the vein/pulling out of the vein)
What are the classic signs of phlebitis?	Erythema, warmth, edema, and discomfort
How often should IV sited be rotated?	Every 72 hours
The extracellular compartment is divided into the _______ and _________ compartments	Interstitial and intravascular
The extracellular compartment is divided into the _______ and _________ compartments	Interstitial and intravascular
Fluid within the blood vessels is called ________.	Plasma
The nephrons filter blood at a rate of ______ mL	125/mL (180 L)
Sodium regulates the body's fluid volumes through __________.	Osmotic pressure
Which organ excretes potassium when it is needed by the body?	The kidneys
Strenuous exercise and injury to the cells causes the release of ________.	Potassium from the cells
What is the treatment for hypocalcemia?	IV calcium gluconate and 1000mg oral calcium supplements
An increase in phosphorus causes a decrease in _______, and vice versa.	Calcium
What do the lungs do in metabolic acidosis?	Excrete CO2 to raise pH
How do the kidneys regulate pH?	By excreting acids or bases as needed
How often should a central line be heparinized?	Every 4 weeks
At what degree should the skin be pierced when inserting an IV?	30 degree angle
After the skin has been pierced, lower the needle to ___ degrees to enter the vein	10 degrees
Most blood transfusion reactions occur within the first ___ to ___ minutes.	60 - 90 minutes