| The mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin in The Origin of Species is | natural selection |
| The fitness of an individual is measured by | the proportionate contribution it makes to future generations (
det forholdsmæssige bidrag, det yder til fremtidige generationer) |
| The specific traits of a particular organism enabling it to survive, grow, and reproduce within a given environment are called | adaptations |
| The alternate forms of a gene are called | alleles |
| Which of the following characteristics is an example of a qualitative trait? root length,
body weight, flower coler, arm length? | flower color |
| Traits that have a continuous distribution are known as | quantitative traits |
| The gene pool refers to all of the genetic information within a | population |
| The expression of different phenotypic traits for a given genotype under different environmental conditions is referred to as | developmental plasticity (udviklingsmæssig plasticitet) |
| Identical twin raccoons are raised in different environments and yet behave very differently. This is an example of: | the norm of reaction |
| Researchers Rosemary and Peter Grant have discovered that beak size frequency of Galápagos Island medium ground finch populations varies with all the following, except: seed color, rainfall, seed hardness, seed size ? | seed color |
| If birds with larger beaks are favored by the environment, it is likely that ________ selection will occur. | directional |
| Several years of heavy precipitation occur on the Galápagos Islands. What do you predict would happen to the beaks of Darwin's medium ground finches? | Offspring beak depth would increase |
| The movement of genes between populations is referred to as | gene flow |
| The Galápagos Islands are inhabited by 13 species of Darwin's finches that evolved from a single species. This is an example of | adaptive radiation |
| Hvad er naturlig selektion? | Er individets fitness inden for populationen, der skyldes deres interaktion med miljøet, hvor individet fitness måles ved det forholdsmæssige bidrag, det giver til kommende generationer. Det kan fungere til at ændre genetiske variationer mellem populationer - genetic differentitation.
NS virker på fænotypen, men derved ændrer det også både genotypen og allelfrekvensen i populationen. |
| Hvad er genetisk drift? | De ændringer af den genetiske variation i en population, der sker over tid, som følge af tilfældighed, i/og den givne populations endelige størrelse. |
| Hvad er fænotypisk plasticitet? | Genotypens evne til at give anledning til en rækkevidde af fænotypiske udtryk under forskellige miljømæssige betingelser. Disse forskellige udtryk kaldes - norm of reaction.
Hvis fænotypisk plasticitet opstår under vækst og udvikling af individet og viser en irreversibel egenskab kaldes det udviklingsmæssig plasticitet (developmental plasticity). |
| De 3 typer af naturlig selektion: Directional selection? Stabilizing selection? Disruptive selection? | (Directional selection): Middelværdien af egenskaber er forskudt mod den ene ekstrem over den anden.
(Stabilizing selection): Naturlig selektion kan favorisere individer nær populationens gennemsnit på bekostning af de to ekstremer.
(Disruptive selection): Når naturlig selektion beunstiger begge ekstremer samtidigt, men ikke nødvendigvis i samme grad, kan det resultere i en bimodal fordeling af karakteristikken (karakteristikkerne) i populationen. Sker når medlemmer af populationen er underlagt forskellige selektions pres. |
