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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
an event that affects one member of a group will affect the other group members	Corresponding effects
an aim or purpose shared by members of a group	goal
sending employees to work in different countries	expatriates
the need to associate ourselves with the image projected by other people, groups of objects	identification
when the football team won, the students answered by saying, “we won” when the team lost, the students answered by saying, "They lost."	Basking in reflected glory
extent to which group members like and trust one another, are committed to accomplishing a team goal and share a feeling of group pride	group cohesiveness
contain members who are similar in some ways or most ways	homogeneous group
contain members who are more different than alike	heterogeneous
groups in which a few group members have different characteristics from the rest of the group	slightly heterogeneous group
extent to which the membership of a group remaining consistent over time	Stability of membership
degree of physical distance of a group from other groups	isolation
amount of psychological pressure placed on a group by people who are not members of the group	outside pressure
the number of member in a group	group size
tasks for which the group’s performance is equal to the sum of the performances of each individual group	additive task
tasks for which the group’s performance is dependent on the performance of the least effective group member	conjunctive task
tasks for which the performance of a group is based on the performance of its most talented member	disjunctive task
states that the addition of a group member has the greatest effect on group behavior when the size of the group is small	social impact theory
esteem in which the group is held by people not in the group	group status
believe that their team can be successful at a specific task	high team efficacy
believe that their team can be successful in general	high team potency
manner in which members of a group communicate with one another	communication structure
behaviors such as offering new ideas, coordinating activities and finding new information	task oriented roles
involve cohesiveness and participation	social oriented roles
includes blocking group activities, calling attention to oneself and avoiding group interaction	individual roles
positive effects of the presence of others on an individual's behavior (+)	social facilitations
negative effects of others presence (-)	social inhibition
effect on behavior when one or more people passively watch the behavior of another person	audience effect
effect on behavior when two or more people are performing the same task in the presence of each other	coaction
effect when an individual working on a task compares his/her performance with that of another person performing the same task	comparison
idea that a person performing a task becomes aroused because he or she is concerned that others are evaluating his/her performance	evaluation apprehension
idea that social inhibition occurs because the presence of others provides a distraction that interferes with concentration	distracting
fact that individuals in a group often exert less individual effort than they would if they were not in a group	social loafing
postulates that when things are going well, a group member realizes that his effort is not necessary and thus does not work as hard as he would if he were alone	free-rider theory
hypothesizes that social loafing occurs when a group member notices that other group members are not working hard	sucker effect
state of mind in which a group is so concerned about its own cohesiveness that it ignores important information	groupthink
group member who intentionally provides an opposing opinion to that expressed by the leader or the majority	devil's advocate
collection of individuals whose results are pooled but who never interact with one another	nominal group
collection of individuals who work together to perform a task	interacting group
ideas are generated by people in a group setting	brainstroming
suggests that group members will shift their beliefs to a more extreme version of what they already believe individually (that is, if individual group members are on the risky side, the group will make highly risky decisions)	group polarization
a collection of three or more individuals who interact intensively to provide an organizational product, plan, decision or service	work team
the extent to which group members identify with the team rather than with other groups	identification
extent to which team members need and rely on other team members	interdependence
extent to which team members have the same level of power and respect	power differentiation
extent to which team members treat each other in a friendly, informal manner	social distance
extent to which a team will remain together or be disbanded after a task has been accomplished	permanency
groups of employees who manage themselves, assign jobs, plan and schedule work, make work-related decisions and solve work-related problems	work teams
groups of “expert specialists have specific role positions, perform brief events that are closely synchronized with each other and repeat those events access different environmental condition	crew
consist of representatives from various departments (functions) within an organization. cross-functional teams	parallel teams
formed produce one time outputs such as creating anew products, installing a new software system or hiring a new employee	project teams
coordinate manage, advice and direct employees and teams	management teams
Forming stage, storming stage, norming stage, performing stage	influential theory of team development
members get to know each other and decide what roles each member will play	forming stage
the good behavior disappears; group members disagree and resist their team roles	storming stage
establish roles and determine policies and procedures	norming stage
work towards accomplishing their goals	performing stage
an alternate theory suggests that rather than filming in stages, teams develop direction and strategy in the first meeting, follow this direction for a period of times and then drastically revise their strategy about halfway through the life of the team	purchased equilibrium
psychological and behavioral reaction to a perception that another person is keeping you from reaching a goal, taking away your right behave in a particular or violating the expectancies of a relationship	group conflict
conflict that keeps people from working together, lessens productivity, spreads to other areas or increases turnover	dysfunctional conflict
conflict that results in increased performance or better interpersonal relations	functional conflict
occur when the demand for resources is greater than the resources available	competition for resources
when the completion of a task by one person affect the completion of a task by another person	task interdependence
physical cultural and psychological obstacles that interfere with successful communication and create a source of conflict	communication barriers
obsessed with completing a task and take great pride in getting a job done quickly	high needs for control
who gets things done quickly by giving orders, being pushy, yelling and at times being too aggressive	tank
who controls people by using sarcasm, embarrassment and humiliation	sniper
controls others by dominating conversations, not listening to others; ideas and rejecting arguments counter to her position	know-it-all
obsessed with completing a task correctly	high needs for perfection
constantly complains about the situation but never they change it	whiner
believes that nothing will ever worth and thus disagrees with every suggestion/idea	no person
responds to difficult situations by doing and saying nothing - simply gives up / retreats	nothing person
obsessed with being liked	high needs for approval
agrees to everything and as a person result, often agrees to do so much that she cannot keep her commitments	yes person
avoids conflicts by never taking a stand on any issue	maybe person
obsessed with being appreciated	high needs for attention
throws a tantrum: yells, swears, rants and raves	grenade
poking fun at others	friendly sniper
exaggerates lies and gives unwanted advice to gain attention	thinks they know it all