| What is the definitive test to differentiate Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis? | Colonoscopy with multiple biopsies of the colon and terminal ileum |
| What is the major problem when the small intestine is involved in Crohn's disease? | Malabsorption |
| What is the desired urinary output for a patient with Crohn's? | 1500 mL |
| If left untreated, appendicitis can lead to ______ and ________. | Perforation and peritonitis |
| The lumen of which organ is tiny and easily obstructed? | Veriform appendix |
| What are the most common causes of appendicitis? | Obstruction of:
Fecalith (accumulated feces)
Foreign bodies
Tumor of the cecum or appendix |
| In appendicitis, rebound tenderness will be found in the _______. | Right lower quadrant |
| Why is heat not applied to a patient with appendicitis? | Increases circulation; leads to rupture |
| What is diverticulosis? | Pouch-like herniations through the circular smooth muscle of the colon; sigmoid colon |
| What is diverticulitis? | Inflammation of one or more of the diverticular sacs |
| The incidence of diverticulosis is increased after which age? | 40 |
| What is the most common cause of lower GI hemorrhage? | Diverticulitis |
| When diverticulitis develops, where will pain be felt? | Left lower quadrant |
| A patient with acute diverticulitis should not receive which diagnostic test? | Barium enema or colonoscopy |
| When does peritonitis occur? | After fecal matter seeps from a ruptured site; causing bacterial contamination of the peritoneal cavity |
| What is an inguinal hernia caused by? | A weakness in the abdominal wall opening;
occurs spermatic cord/ligament of the uterus |
| What causes a ventral hernia? | Weakness of the abdominal wall at the site of a previous incision |
| What is a femoral hernia? | Caused by weakness of the abdominal wall, resulting in bulging pf tissue in the groin |
| What should never be attempted in regard to hernias? | Never attempt to push a hernia back into place |
| What is used if the hernia can be reduced manually? | Abdominal binder |
| A hiatal hernia results from weakness of the ________. | Diaphragm |
| What is the narrowest segment of the small intestine? | Ileum |
| Define volvulus: | Twisting of a bowel onto itself |
| What is paralytic ileus? | The lack of peristalsis and bowel sounds |
| Where do most obstructions occur? | Ileum |
| What can cause a non mechanical obstruction? | Neuromuscular or vascular disorder
General anesthesia |
| How much electrolyte-rich fluid is involved in the normal process of absorption and reabsorption in the small intestine? | 6 to 8L |
| Constipation is more common in which type of colon cancer? | Descending colon cancer |
| What is the most common cause of nonmechanical obstruction? | Paralytic ileus |
| What will the early phase of an intestinal obstruction sound like upon auscultation? | Loud, frequent, high-pitched |
| Where are most colorectal growths seen? | Sigmoid and rectal areas of the colon |
| What is the most common inherited form of colorectal cancer called? | Lynch syndrome |
| In carcinoma of the rectum, the surgeon makes very effort to preserve the ________. | Sphincter |
