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level: Nervous System Cells

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Nervous System Cells

QuestionAnswer
____________ are usually numerous and branchingDendrites
A wave of depolarization and repolarization spreading along a cell membrane is called _______________.An action potential
About 75% of all parasympathetic fibers are in the _______ nervesvagus
Axons transmit action potentials:Away from the cell body
During the depolarization of a neuronSodium Na ions diffuse into the cell
Epidural Hematomas are usually associated with skull fractures in what area of the head?Temporal
Hyperpolarization of a postsynaptic membranes is causedInhibitory neurotransmitters
Immediately after a neural action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open?potassium
In the central nervous system, bundles of axons are known as ________.tracts
Motor programs -muscle memory- are sets of involuntary mucle activities that are controlled by which of the following nervous pathways?extrapyramidal
Neurotransmitters are used in:Chemical synapses
The _______ consists of efferent -motor- fibers leaving the cordVentral root
The ______ system prepares the body for action, and is most active during stressful situations.Sympathetic
The ____consists of afferent -sensory- fibers that transmit information from the sensory receptors to the spinal cord.Dorsal root
The choroids plexus producesCSF
The main branch of the sacral plexus is the _____ nerve, which is the largest nerve in the body.sciatic
The receptors for hearing are on the __________.cochlear nerve
The superior colliculus of the midbrain transmits information regarding which of the following?Vision
Two types of cells unique to the nervous system are _________.Glial (neuroglia) ; neurons
When the membrane potential neuron reaches -59 mV, which channels open?voltage-gated sodium channels
Which nervous system tract transmits information pertaining to perception of pain and temperature?Lateral spinothalamic tracts
Which structures does CSF drain into after it is done circulating through the nervous system?arachnoid villus
what are the 5 major types of GliaAstrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal cells, Oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells
What Glia cells are found in the CNSAstrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal cells, Oligodendrocytes
What Glia cells are found in the PNSSchwann cells
CNSCentral Nervous system
PNSPeripheral Nervous system
what 2 organs make up the CNSBrain and spinal cord
Afferent division consists ofall incoming sensory pathways
Efferent division consists ofall outgoing motor pathways
when scared with dilated pupils and increased HR, what system is respondingsympathetic nervous system
The spinal cord ends around L1, what is the name of the end?Conus medullaris
where does the parasympathetic nervous system start?Brainstem, craniosacral region
what neurotransmitter is released to skeletal muscles to contractAcetylcholine
Impulses are sent over this tract for voluntary movementCortical spinal or pyramidal tracts
What 3 cranial nerves are sensory onlyOlfactory I, Optic II, Vestubulocochlear VIII
What neurotransmitter is lacking in Parkinson's diseaseDopamine
In sensory pathways the secondary neurons synapsis/terminate where ?Thalamus
Where do you find the dentate nucleiCerebellum
What is the name of the sensory spinal ganglia?Dorsal root ganglia
A PT complains of numbness in the butt and posterior leg, what plexus is damaged?Sacrococcygeal
Where in the brain do you find the olives and pyramidsMedulla
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there ?31
How many pairs of nerves are in the Cervical column ?8
How many pairs of nerves are in the Thoracic column12
How many pairs of nerves are in the Lumbar and sacral column5
How many pairs of nerves are in the coccygeal column1
The name of the time period where no new impulses can travel throughAbsolute refractory period
Infants will show Babinski sign up to what age18 months
What neurotransmitters can be released to block painGABA, epinephrine and norepinephrine
Meningitis is inflammation of whatMeninges
The 3 parts of the brainstem are ?medulla, pons, midbrain
What in the cell membrane allows resting membrane potential ?Sodium-potassium pumps
After a serious accident, PT looses controls of balance and coordination, where could there be damage to the brain ?Cerebellum
What type of info does a mixed nerve carrySensory and motor
What cranial nerve controls balance and coordination ?VIII - Vastibulocochlear
The excitatory neurotransmitters cause what effect on receptors?Opens sodium channels
What part of the vertebral column has more spinal nerves then it has vertebrae ?Cervical
What type of information is carried via the spinal thalamic tract?Sensory
What layer of the meninges adheres to the periosteum of the skull?Dura mater
Where do you find interneurons ?Central nervous system
If you cannot move your tongue, what cranial nerve is damaged ?VII - hypoglossal
What layer of the meninges attaches to both the spinal cord and the brain ?Pia mater
Name 3 parts along a neuron for entering to leavingDendrite, cell body (soma), akon
What are the effectors of the autonomic nervous system?Cardiac, smooth, adipose and glandular
What two structures does the foramen magnum separate ?Spinal cord and medulla
What cells help to make CSFChoroid plexus
What is the number signifying resting membrane potential-70
What is the emotional part of the brain?Limbic system
The filum terminally is made of what tissue?Pia mater
What type of conduction happens over myelinated neurons?Saltatory
What cells make myelin in the PNSSchwann cells
What are the three parts to synapse ?Synaptic knob, synaptic cleft and synaptic membrane
What cells myelin in CNS ?Oligodendrocytes
What gland in the brain helps to control the sleep/awake cycle?Pineal gland
What parts of the brain can produce hormones?Hypothalamus, pineal and pituitary gland
What cranial nerve has branches off both the spinal cord and the brainstem ?VI accessory
After brain damage, what glia cells help clean up and healingMicroglia
What nerve plexus innervates lower shoulder and the entire arm ?Brachial
A swollen rash that develops on the skin when the immune system is weak?Shingles
major subdivisions of the nervous system ?CNS & PNS
What 2 organs make up the central nervous systemBrain and spinal cord
what is neurilemmaoutermost layer of nerve fiber made by schwann cells essential for nerve regrowth
what are the 3 layers of connective tissues that hold the fibers of a nerve togetherEndoneurium, perineurium , epineurium
white matermyelinated cells
gray materunmyelinated cells + cell bodies
how does depolarization of a membrane differ from hyperpolarizationdepolar - higher than -70 Na into cell, hyper - lower than -70 K leaving cell
What are gyri or folia ?Bumps on surface
what are sulci?are grooves in brain
Over how many neurons does somatic information usually pass ?3