| Which of the following is the first link in the chain of infection? | Virulence |
| Which of the following terms is used to describe disease-causing organisms? | Pathogens |
| An infection that is long in duration is a(n) _____ infection. | chronic |
| A(n) ________ infection is through the skin, such as a needle stick. | percutaneous |
| _______ transmission means touching or contact with the patient’s blood or saliva. | Direct |
| Mistlike aerosols are: | capable of remaining airborne for extended periods and can be inhaled. |
| Which of the following types of pathogens are carried in the blood and body fluids of infected individuals and that can be transmitted to others? | Bloodborne |
| Immunity allows the body to resist disease and prevents foreign bodies from causing: | infection. |
| When immunity is obtained by recovery from a disease, it is called _____ immunity. | active |
| Transmission of a disease, from the dental office to a patient through a contaminated water system, is an example of _____ disease transmission in the dental office. | community-to-dental office-to-patient |
| Which of the following is the most common route of disease transmission in the dental office? | Direct contact with the patient’s blood or saliva. |
| Which of the following is true regarding the role of the CDC in infection control? | The CDC issues specific recommendations on health-related matters, based on sound scientific evidence. |
| The role of _______ is to issue specific standards to protect the health of employees in the United States. | OSHA |
| Which of the following agencies released The Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Health-Care Settings—2003? | CDC |
| The law designed to protect employees against occupational exposure to bloodborne disease-causing organisms such as HBV, HIV, and HCV is: | the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens (BBP) Standard. |
| How often must the written exposure control plan describing how the dental office complies with the Bloodborne Pathogens (BBP) Standard be reviewed and updated? | Annually |
| According to the CDC, ________ Precautions represent a standard of care designed to protect healthcare providers from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other body fluid, excretion, or secretion. | Standard |
| The CDC term Standard Precautions applies to contact with which of the following? | All body fluids, secretions, and excretions except sweat, regardless of whether they contain blood |
| Who should be notified first of an exposure incident after initial first aid is provided? | Employer |
| Which of the following is the first procedural step after an exposure incident? | Stop operations immediately. |
| The BBP Standard requires the dentist or employer to provide training in infection-control and safety issues to which of the following groups of people? | All personnel who might come in contact with blood, saliva, or contaminated instruments or surfaces |
| Which of the following is recommended by the CDC after administration of the HBV vaccine? | A blood test to ensure that the individual has developed immunity |
| Which of the following is the correct sequence for handwashing and gloving? | Wash your hands before you put on gloves and immediately after you remove gloves. |
| Which of the following statements about reducing microbial flora is true? | Alcohol-based hand rubs are more effective at reducing microbial flora than plain soap or antimicrobial handwashes. |
| Which of the following is considered personal protective equipment (PPE) that the employer should provide free of charge to the employee? | Protective eyewear |
| The Bloodborne Pathogens Standard states that contaminated protective clothing: | can be picked up by a laundry service. |
| Which of the following should be removed first when removing PPE? | Gloves |
| The BBP Standard requires use of protective eyewear: | with front and side protection (solid side shields) during exposure-prone procedures. |
| Exam gloves used during dental treatment can be made of which of the following materials? | Latex or vinyl |
| Which of the following is the most common type of latex allergy? | Type IV allergic reaction |
| CDC guidelines and the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard consider saliva to be which of the following? | A potentially infectious body fluid |
| Waste that has had contact with blood or other body fluids is considered contaminated and is disposed of as which of the following types of waste in most states? | Biohazard |
| Infectious waste is defined as which of the following? | It is contaminated waste that is capable of transmitting an infectious disease. |
| When is the best time to clean and disinfect dental prostheses or impressions that will be handled in the in-office laboratory? | As soon as possible after removal from the patient’s mouth |
| Which of the following is true of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease? | It belongs to a group of neurologic disorders. |
| The number of pathogenic microorganisms can be directly related to which of the following? | Virulence |
| A person who is unable to resist infection by a particular pathogen is known as _______ in the chain of infection. | a susceptible host |
| Pathogens must have a pathway into the body called a(n) ________ to cause infection | portal of entry |
| Which of the following is a persistent infection in which the symptoms come and go? | Latent infection |
| Transmission of pathogens occurring through contact from person to another person is which of the following forms of transmission? | Direct |
| What type of disease transmission refers to the spread of disease through droplets of moisture that contain bacteria or viruses? | Airborne transmission |
| Pathogens transmitted by means of cuts or punctures are an example of _______ transmission. | parenteral |
| Tuberculosis, botulism, and streptococcal infections can be spread by which of the following? | Food and water transmission |
| The type of immunity acquired when the body has previously contracted a disease and recovered is called ________ immunity. | naturally acquired |
| Immunization or vaccination is known as ________ immunity. | artificially acquired |
| Which type of transmission of infection occurs through the mucosal surfaces of the eyes, nose, and mouth? | Patient-to–dental team infection |
| Infection control measures that help to prevent disease transmission to the dental professional include: | all of the above. |
| Which infection control measures must be practiced to avoid patient-to-patient disease transmission? | All of the above |
| Which dental professional falls under category II of the Occupational Exposure Determination? | Receptionist who might occasionally clean a treatment room or handle instruments or impressions |
| Under the Occupational Exposure Determination, which members of the dental staff fall under category I? | Sterilization assistant and laboratory technician |
| Which of the following diseases fall under the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard Law designed to protect employees against occupational exposure? | HIV and HCV |
| Who is responsible for training employees to respond properly to an exposure incident in the dental office? | The employer |
| _________ Precautions represent a standard of care designed to protect healthcare providers from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other body fluid, excretion, or secretion. | Standard |
| To dispose of contaminated needles and other disposable sharp objects properly in a dental office, the dental professional should discard them in which of the following? | Sharps container |
| All of the following are descriptions of a sharps disposal container except: | manufactured to be shredded in a paper shredder. |
| The CDC established guidelines for needle recapping. These guideline include: | using the single-handed scoop method or a recapping device. |
| Protective Clothing Requirement Standards do not include: | disposable jackets or gowns with long sleeves and high neckline. |
| Protective masks are worn over the nose and mouth to protect dental personnel from all of the following except: | revealing emotions. |
| Which of the following can prevent contamination of a clean instrument or any object handled during treatment? | Overgloves |
| The environmental surfaces that must be cleaned and decontaminated more rigorously than the others are: | clinical contact surfaces. |
| By current infection control guidelines of the Organization for Safety and Asepsis Procedures (OSAP), instrument trays are considered to be _____ surfaces. | transfer |
| The method used to decontaminate a surface in a dental treatment area is: | both a and b. |
| Following OSAP protocol, surface barriers: | should be removed and discarded between patients while hands are still gloved. |
| The appropriate disinfection protocol to follow when a surface has been covered with a barrier is: | clean and disinfect the surface at the beginning and end of each workday. |
| If the surface below the barrier is inadvertently touched when removing a contaminated barrier, the protocol to follow indicates: | the surface needs to be cleaned and disinfected. |
| The purpose of precleaning a surface is: | do both a and b. |
| Precleaning can be accomplished using: | both a and b. |
| Chemicals that destroy or inactivate most species of pathogenic microorganisms on inanimate surfaces are called: | disinfectants. |
| Disinfectants used in dentistry must be: | both a and b. |
| Which of the following can be used as a surface disinfectant in the dentistry? | Iodophors |
| To effectively clean and disinfect dental treatment rooms: | the surface should remain moist for the manufacturer’s recommended time for tuberculocidal action, usually 10 minutes. |
| For sterilization to occur using an immersion disinfectant, items must be immersed for a minimum of _____ hours. | 6 |
| Precautions when using glutaraldehyde include: | all of the above. |
| The high-level disinfectant that does not require activation or mixing and has little odor is: | ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA). |
| Housekeeping surfaces: | need to be cleaned with only a detergent or low-level disinfectant. |
| Recommendations for mixing solutions of detergents or disinfectants include: | making fresh cleaning solution each day and discarding any unused solution at the end of the treatment day. |
| Carpet in dental treatment areas: | harbors both bacteria and fungi. |
| Some microorganisms may survive on outside the host on environmental surfaces. The organism of concern to dentistry that can survive five weeks outside the host is: | tuberculosis. |
| To avoid contamination in a dental treatment area, the best approach is to: | assume all surfaces have been contaminated. |
| The protocol to follow to minimize contamination of touch and transfer surfaces from splash, spatter, and surface droplets is to: | apply an acceptable barrier following precleaning and disinfection. |
| The use of barriers on surfaces and equipment can prevent contamination of contact areas. The correct protocol for their use would include: | both a and b. |
| Under the CDC Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Healthcare Settings—2003, housekeeping surfaces include: | all of the above. |
| Acceptable barriers include: | all of the above. |
| All of the following surfaces should be protected from contamination with barriers except: | counter tops in the reception area. |
| The agency responsible for the Bloodborne Pathogens Standards that requires contaminated surfaces to be disinfected between patients, even if no evidence of contamination is visible is: | OSHA. |
| The agency that regulates and registers disinfectants and chemical sterilants according to chemical classification is: | the EPA. |
| One difference between a disinfectant and sterilant is: | a disinfectant kills disease-causing microorganisms remaining on surfaces after precleaning |
| A product capable of killing spores is: | sporicidal. |
| A product capable of killing a virus should be labeled: | virucidal. |
| Which of the following is found on the label of a chemical agent? | All of the above. |
| According to the EPA, synthetic phenol compounds are categorized as intermediate-level hospital disinfectants. Phenols can be used on: | all of the above. |
| The chemical disinfectant classified as an intermediate-level agent that is no longer recommended for use in dentistry is: | sodium hypochlorite. |
| One reason for taking precautions when using complex phenols for disinfection is that they: | can degrade some plastics or etch the surface of glass |
| Instability, daily preparation, strong odor, and corrosion are some of the disadvantages of: | sodium hypochlorite. |
| “Green” infection control protocols can be implemented in all of the following except: | using recyclable product packaging. |
| The following are considered single-use items except: | metal impression trays. |
| One of the benefits of using a complex phenol solution for disinfection is that they: | are compatible with metal, glass, rubber, and plastic. |
