| Colour change when alkene undergoes halogenation by bromine in non-aqueous medium (inert solvent) | red to colourless (alkylbromide formed) |
| Colour change when alkene undergoes halogenation by chlorine | pale gree to colourless |
| Colour change when alkene undergoes halogenation by bromine in aqueous medium (Br2 in water) | yellow to colourless (halohydrin formed) |
| Colour change when alkene undergoes halogenation by iodine in non-aqueous medium | purple to colourless (alkyliodide formed) |
| Colour change when alkene undergoes halogenation by iodine in aqueous medium | purple to colourless (halohydrin formed) |
| Reaction mechanism for halogenation of alkenes | electrophilic addition |
| Alkanes can react with halogen in both light and dark | False |
| Colour change and product observed in the oxidation of alkenes with cold, dilute potassium permanganate | purple to colourless, diol formed |
| Colour change and product(s) observed in the oxidation of alkenes using hot, cocnentrated potassium permanganate soluion | purple to colourless, depending on the structure of the alkene, ketones, aldehydes or carboxylic acids will be formed |
| What are some reducing agents used to stop ozonolysis of alkenes? | Zn/H2O, Zn/CH3COOH, Zn/H2S, Fe/CH3COOH |
| Reagent used in conversion of alkyl halide to alcohol | dilute NaOH under reflux |
| Reagent(s) used in conversion of alkyl halide to a nitrile | NaCN or KCN in ethanol under reflux |
| Reagent used in elimination reaction of alkyl halides to form alkenes | strong base (eg. NaOH or C2H5ONa) in ethanol under reflux |
| Reagents used in the conversion of alcohols to alkyl chlorides | SOCl2/reflux, PCl3(l)/RT, PCl5(s)/RT |
| Reagents used in the coversion of alchols to alkyl bromides | P(red) + Br2(l)/reflux |
| Reagents used in the conversion of alcohols to alkyl iodides | P(red) + I2(s)/reflux |
| The dehydration of an alcohol to produce and alkene (elimination of water) used what reagent? | concentrated sulphuric acid under reflux |
| Colour change observed and conditions used in the oxidation of an alcohol to carboxylic acid | K2Cr2O7/dil H2SO4 under reflux, orange to green OR KMnO4/dil H2SO4 under relfux, purple to colourless |
| Reagents used in limiting oxidation of alcohols | cold KMnO4/dil H2SO4
pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC)
manganese dioxide (MnO2) |
| Regeant and conditions used in formation of an ester by a carboxylic acid (or its acyl halide) and alcohol | conc H2SO4 (H+) under reflux (reflux not necessary when using acyl halide) |
| Reagent(s) used in complete reduction of carboxylic acid to parent alcohol | LiAlH4/relfux or H2/Ni |
| Reagent(s) used in partial/selective reduction of carboxylic acid to aldehyde | NaBH4 or Zn/CH3COOH |
| Regeant used in the hydrolysis of a nitrile to carboxylic acid | dilute sulphuric acid under reflux |
| Reagent used in reduction of nitrile to amine | Lithium aluminium hydride under reflux or H2/Ni |
| Reagent used un conversion of carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) to hydroxynitrile | KCN or NaCN / dilute NaOH or dil H+ |
| Reagent used in generation of amines from alkyl halide and ammonia | ethanol/reflux |
| What compound is used in the synthesis of an amide from an acyl halide? | NH3 |
| How else can an amide be formed using an acyl halide | Add an amine to acyl halide |
| Reagent used in the reduction of an amide to it corresponding amine | Lithium aluminim hydride/relfux or H2/Ni |
| What is a Hoffman Degradation reaction | A reaction where the carbon chain of the amide is shorten by one C (ie C=O removed and amine is formed) |
| Reagent used in reduction of nitro compounds to amines | Sn/conc HCl |
