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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
study of organism too small to be seen by naked eye - microorganism	microbiology
scientist who did not oppose the theory of spontaneous generation	john needham
demonstrated that the appearance of maggots in decomposing meat depended on deposition of eggs by flies	francisco redi
introduced the use of sterile media	lazzaro spallanzani
scientist who believed that a putresible fluid became spoiled if air is allowed to enter in it	lazzaro spallanzani
demonstrated that infusions will remain sterile indefinitely in open flask but the neck is bent down that the germ air cannot ascend it	louis pasteur
obtained similar results with spallanzani when air was allowed to enter the cooling flask before sealing, provided the air passed the heated tubes	schwann
demonstrated the original canning process - appertization	francois appert
a process that results in the formation of OH or organic acid as a consequence of breaking down of carbohydrates in plant tissues	fermentation
a process of decomposition that results in the formation of ill-smelling products, as a consequence of the breakdown of proteins in meat	putrefaction
recognized the contagious nature of diseases	lucretius and boccacio
demonstrated the direct transmission of infection (disease)	john hunter
recognized fungi associated with a disease in silkworm	agostino bassi
major group of microorganisms that is prokaryotic	bacteria
major group of microorganisms that has specialized structures for ingestion	protozoa
test that identifies the microorganisms by detecting small amounts of microbial DNA in a sample	Polymerase Chain Reaction
major group of microorganisms that is mostly multicellular with absorptive mode of nutrition	fungi
major group of microorganisms that is non-cellular	virus
scientist who believed that microorganisms in the air can be killed by heating?	lazzaro spallanzani
introduced vaccination against small pox using materials from a lesion of a similar disease in cattle	Edward Jenner
scientist who believed that microorganisms in the air have weight	Louis Pasteur
recognized the indirect transmission of diseases	Semmelweis
major groups of microorganisms is neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic	virus
discovered the association of a fungus with a human skin disease	schonlein
proposed the kingdom prokaryotae	robert murray
discovered the antibiotic ‘Penicillin'	Alexander Fleming
is seen in unaided human eye	microbial colony
group of microorganism which is strictly unicellular	bacteria
introduced asceptic surgery	Joseph Lister
group of the following organisms which is photosynthetic	algae plant cyanobacteria
group of microorganism is neither eukaryotic nor prokaryotic	virus
major groups of microorganisms is eukaryotic	algae
Proteinacious infectious particle	prion
Field of microbiology that deals on the study of algae	phycology
Field of microbiology that deals on the study of virus	virology
Field of applied microbiology that deals with the effect of coals, minerals and gas deposits in soil to the microorganisms	geochemical microbiology
A class of infectious agents occurring in plants and perhaps in animals, that are smaller than virus and consist of a short strand of ribonucleic acid without a capsid	viroids
Field of microbiology that deals on the study of fungi	mycology
group of microorganisms that grow in Sobaraud's dextrose agar	fungi
cannot survive at 8.5pH	vibrio cholerae
group of microorganisms which is usually harmed by molecular oxygen	obligate anaerobes
group of microorganisms that are able to grow in oxygen concentration that is lower than those in atmospheric air	microaerophiles
differential media	blood agar
not differential	sobaraud's dextrose agar
microorganism that produces yellow colonies	Micrococcus luteus
microorganism that produces red colonies	Serratia marcescens
microorganism that stains medium blue	Pseudomonas aeruginosa
microorganism that forms green crystals around colonies	Pseudomonas chlororaphis
refers to any kind of microscope that uses visible light to observe specimens	light microscope
light microscope that has a series of lenses; most commonly used microscope	compound microscope
uses beam of electrons in place of light waves to produce image	electron microscope
resolving power; ability of the lenses to distinguish fine detail and structure	resolution
measure of the light-bending ability of the medium	refractive index
microscope used examining LIVE microorganisms that are invisible in the ordinary light microscope	darkfield microscope
uses a computer to process the images to prooduces 2D or 3D images of cells	confocal microscope
microscope that is useless in examining LIVE microorganisms	transmission electron microscope
technique in electron microscopy that is used to outline the object	negative staining
group of microorganism that causes disease and spoilage	mesophiles
organism that utilizes radiant energy	phototrophs
organism that donates electrons	litotrophs
organism that can live both as autotrophs and heterotrops	facultative autotroph
microbes that has optimum growth of higher than 80 degrees celsius	hyperthermophiles
microbes that is tolerant in acidic environment	acidophiles
microbes that are introduced into a culture medium to initiate growth	inoculum
hairlike, helical appendages protruding thru the cell wall, responsible for swimming motility	flagella
flagellum-like produced by bacteria (spirochetes), responsible for travelling a helical wave, occur in periplasmic space	axial filaments
structure that is straighter, thinner and more numerous than flagella	pili
structure of chains/trichomes enclosed by a hollow tube	sheath
very rigid structure that gives shape to the cell	cell wall
sometimes called Murein	peptidoglycan
liberated by gram positive bacteria	protoplast
yielded by gram negative bacteria	spheroplast
account for some 30% or more of the cell weight and is vitally important	plasma membrane
component that is absent in bacteria but present in animal and human cell	endoplasmic reticulum
metabolically dormant form which under appropriate conditions can undergo germination and outgrowth to form vegetative cell	spores
dormant, thick walled, dessication-resistant forms that develop by differentiation of a vegetative cell and which can later germinate under suitable conditions	cysts
normal reproductive method in which a single cell divides into 2 identical cell	transverse binary fission
mode if cell division in some bacteria in which a small protruberance (bud) develops into a new cell which separates from the parent	budding
time required for a cell to divide	generation time
phase in which individual cells increase in size beyond normal dimension	lag phase
phase in which cells divide steadily at a constant rate	logarithmic phase
phase in which there uis equilibrium between cell division and death	stationary phase
phase in which bacteria die at different rates	death phase
quantitative measurement of bacterial growth which is measured directly by microscopy or ECP and indirectly by a colony count	cell count
quantitative measurement of bacterial growth which is measured by weighing or measurement of cell and indirectly by turbidity	cell mass
quantitative measurement of bacterial growth which is measured indirectly by relating the degree of biochemical activity to the size of the population	cell activity
Uses Petroff-Hausser Counting Chamber (PHCC) to determine cell count (using phase contrast microscope)	direct microscopic count
Uses electronic particle counter to determine cell count, a rapid method but requires sophisticated equipment	electronic enumeration of cell numbers
Uses Quebec colony counter to determine cell count	plate-count method
Uses sphectrophotometer/colorimeter to determine cell mass	turbidimetric method