| atelectasis | complete or partial collapse of the lung, or lobe |
| preload | the initial stretching of the cardiac myocytes (muscle cells) prior to contraction. It is related to ventricular filling |
| sounds of partial airway obstruction | coughing, stridor, gagging/choking difficulty speaking |
| sounds of total airway obstruction | no noise |
| pulse oximetry | rapid and accurate measure of oxygen saturation |
| causes of airway obstruction | tongue is the most common cause. can also be foreign bodies, trauma, laryngeal spasm and edema and aspiration |
| adult respiratory distress syndrome | fluid in the lungs |
| emphysema | the destruction of alveolar surfaces, there is a decreased area for gas exchange resulting in hypoxia |
| chronic bronchitis | increased number of goblet cells in the respiratory tree |
| dyspnea | shortness of breath |
| simple pneumothorax | air leaks into the pleural space "paper bag syndrome" |
| open pneumothorax | air accumulates between the chest wall and the lung as the result of an open chest wound or other physical defect |
| tension pneumothorax | air is trapped in the pleural cavity under positive pressure |
| hypoxic drive | the body uses oxygen chemoreceptors instead of carbon dioxide receptors to regulate the respiratory cycle. |
| risks of mouth to mouth oxygen therapy | potential exposure to communicable diseases |
| hypoxemia | low levels of oxygen in the blood |
| flail chest | 3 ribs fractured in 2 or more places |
| barotrauma | injuries caused by increased air or water pressure, such as during airplane flights or scuba diving |
| atelectasis | a condition in which an area of lung tissue is collapsed |
