| cdc center for disease control and prevention | Infection control procedure practiced in dentistry today are based on what guidelines? |
| 8 Bones that cover and protect the brain | The cranium consist of how many bones? |
| 14 Bones | The face consist of how many bones? |
| Mandible | What is the only moveable bone? |
| -The cranium
-The face | What two sections is the human skull divided into? |
| Tempomandibular joint (TMJ) | What is the joint on each side of the head that allows movement of the mandible? |
| -Hinge Action
-Gliding Action | Jaw movements of TMJ (2) |
| - The 1st phase of mouth opening
- Only the lower compartment of the joint is used | Hinge action is? |
| Allows mandible to move forward or backward | Gliding Action is? |
| Touching or feeling for abnormalaties within soft tissue | Palpation is? |
| The grinding of teeth | Bruxism is? |
| -Pain
-Clicking or popping joint sounds
-Limitations of movement (Trismus, spasms of muscle) | Symptoms of TMJ disorder |
| -Produce Saliva
-Cleanse the oral cavity
-Helps maintain the tooth surfaces | the salivary glands... |
| Size either Major or Minor | Salivary glands are classified by? |
| Serious- Watery;mainly protein
Mucous- Thick;mainly carbohydrates | Two types of saliva are? |
| -Xerostomia (Dry mouth)
-Salivary stones (Sialoliths) | disorders of salivary glands |
| Vestible | The ____ begins on the inside of lips then extends to the arch? |
| -The vestible area; space between the teeth and mucous lining
-Mucous membrane tissue | The oral cavity consist of two areas |
| separates nasal cavity above the oral cavity below | The hard palate |
| -Incisive Papilla
-Palatal rugae
-Palatine Raphe | Land marks of the hard palate are |
| Moveable posterior 3rd of the palate (No bony skeleton) | Soft palate is |
| -Speaking
-Positioning food
-Tasting
-swallowing
-Cleansing the oral cavity | Tongue is important for? (5) |
| Free edge | Soft palate ends as a |
| Tip of tongue (Anterior) | The sweet and salty taste buds are located |
| On the side of the tongue | The sour taste buds are located |
| Back of tongue (Posterior) | The bitter taste buds are located |
| The movement of teeth into functional position in the mouth | Eruption |
| Process in which primary teeth are lost | Exfoliation |
| -Crown
-Root | The 2 main parts of a tooth |
| Portion embedded in the alverolar bone | Root |
| Portion of tooth covered with enamel remains consistant | Anatomical crown |
| Portion of tooth visible in the mouth depending on level of gingiva | Clinical crown |
| makes up the anatomical crown of the tooth, hardest material of the tooth body | Enamel |
| Enamel Rods | Enamel is composed of millions of calcified enamel prisms also known as |
| Dentin | What is covered by enamel on crown and cementum on root |
| roots of teeth to provide support in the alevolar socket | Aleveolar bone supports |
| Bone that holds upper teeth | Maxilla |
| Bone that holds lower teeth | Mandible |
| Cells that form bone | Osteblasts |
| Cells that destroy bone | Osteclasts |
| term used to described the natural teeth in jawbones | Dentition |
| Primary
Mixed
Permanent | the 3 dentition periods are |
| replaces primary teeth | Succedaneous teeth |
| succedaneous teeth | Permanent teeth are not |
| Premolars | There are no ______ in the primary dentition |
| primary dentition | The 1st set of 20 primary teeth are called |
| between 6 to 12 years of age | Mixed dentition occurs |
| natural contact between max and mand teeth in all positions | Occlusion |
| 8 | Each quadrant of perm dentition contains of how many perm teeth? |
| -Incisiors
-Molars
-Canines | Perm dentition consist of |
| premolars | There are no _____ in the primary dentition |
| 4 | The perm dentition is divided into __ types of teeth |
| -Incisiors
-Canines
-Molars
-Premolars | Perm dentition consist of |
| Incisors and canines
Used to Cut | Anterior teeth are |
| Molars and premolars
used to chew and grind | Posterior teeth are |
| cut food without application of heavy force | Incisors are used to |
| Cuspids or Eye tooth | Canine AKA |
| Canines | The longest teeth are |
| 12 | there are __ total molars |
| Contours
Contacts
Embrasures | 3 atomic features of teeth |
| jaws are closed | Centric occlusion occurs when |
| The contact of teeth | Functional occlusion is |
| Identify teeth for charting and descriptive purpose | Numbering systems |
| Most often used in the US | universal/national system |
| Letters A-T | The primary dentition is represented by |
| Front to Back | Always count from |
| 1-32 | Permanent teeth are numbered |
| 32 | ____ Adult Teeth |
| 20 | ____ Baby Teeth |
| susceptible tooth
diet rich in carbohydrates
specific bacteria | The caries (Cavities) process 3 factors are? |
| Easily | Plaque is ____ removed |
| Hard stone like material that attaches to teeth
Can only be removed by a dentist or hygenist | Calculus is |
| colorless soft sticky coating that adheres to teeth | Plaque is |
| Incipient lesion; Initial stage of tooth decay (Looks like white spot on the enamel) | 1st stage of caries development |
| Over and carious lesion; development of a hole | 2nd stage of caries development |
| Multiple lesions throughout mouth | Rampant caries are |
| -Dental explorer
-Radiographs
-Visual apearance
-indicator dyes
-laser caries detector | Methods used to detect caries |
| A visual examination of the extra oral and intra oral conditions | Examination begins with |
| Examination of all soft tissue such as cheeks lips mucosa | Soft tissue exam |
| Used for extra oral detection | Palpation |
| assess the gingival suculus to detect periodontal disease | A periodontal probe is used to |
| Decay
Defective restorations
Advanced periodontal conditions | Intra oral and extra oral radiography provides indispensable tools to identify |
| Mouth mirror
Explorer | Examination instruments |
| Allows the use of a video system
-magnifies an image for better evaluation
-easier access to different areas
-photocopying images (insurance) | Intra oral imaging |
| Ability to remove decay or disease and bring back proper function | Restorative |
| Recreating the tooth or teeth with an artistically pleasing appearance
-discoloration
-anomalies
-abnormal spacing
-trauma | Esthetic |
| is a restorative material that are applied to the to the tooth while the material is pilable and able to carve and finish | Direct Restoration |
| direct restorations | Restorations or procedures are done in the dental office are called |
| Amalgam
Composites | Examples of direct restorations |
| Covers portion of the occlusial and proximal surface | Inlay |
| Covers proximal surface and most of occlusial surface | Onlay |
| Thin shell like covering placed to improve esthetics of anterior teeth affected by abrasion | Porcelain veneers |
| completely covers anatomic crown of an individual tooth | Full crown |
| Covers anatomic crown of a tooth except facial portion
a crown that does not cover the entire anatomic portion | Three quarter crown |
| Full metal crown with outer thin layer of porcelain | Porcelain fused to metal crown |
| artificial tooth or the part of the fixed bridge that replaces the missing natural tooth | Pontic means |
| natural tooth that serves as the support for the replacement tooth or teeth in a fixed bridge | Abutment |
| Acute infections
Chronic infections
latent infections
opportunistic infection | Types if infections |
| Direct contact
person to person
droplet infection
indirect contact | Patient to dental team |
| HIV, HBV and HCV | OSHA Blood borne pathogens standard protects occupational exposure to blood borne disease causing organisms such as |
| Bacteria that is freely floating in water | Planktonic is |
| contaminated barriers | While still gloved in between patients you should remove and discard of |
| Number | The dentist will often refer to forceps and pilers by there |
| left to right | Procedure tray is always set up from |
| 10,000-30,000 rotations per minute | Low speed hand piece ranges from |
| 10,000-30,000 rotations per minute | Low speed hand piece ranges from |
| Forward and backward movement | The low speed hand piece can be positioned to operate in both a |
| slides into a low speed motor and locks into place | Straight attachment |
| slides into a low speed motor | Contra-angle attachment |
| allow intra oral access with easier adaption to the tooth surface | Angle of attachment is to |
| The hand piece most frequently used in restorative dentistry | The high speed hand piece is |
| operates as high as 450,000 rpms | High speed hand piece |
| friction grip bur and other friction grip devices | High speed hand piece operates with a |
| Shank- portion fits into hand piece
Neck- connects shank and head
Head- cutting, polishing or finishing portion | Rotary instruments 3 basic parts |
| -Straight shank
-latch-type
-friction-grip | Shank types |
| Contaminated area and a clean area | Sterilization is divided into a |
| Control to operate handpieces | Rheostat |
| General dentist | Restorative/operative dentistry is responsibility of |
| restorative materials are applied to the tooth while the material is pilable and able to carve and finish | Direct restorations |
| a mixture of two or more metals (Silver, tin, cooper and zinc) | Dental amalgam |
| 150 years | Amalgam has been used in dentistry for more then |
| As a foundation or build up for a crown
small and medium sized cavities
primary and permament teeth | Indications for using amalgam |
| are usually material of choice for class III and IV restorations | Composite resin |
| hardens as a result of chemical reaction of materials | Auto cured material |
| improves retention by creating a micro-mechanical retention between the tooth structure and the restoration | Dental bonding |
| Placed directly on the intact enamel surface or outer part of a tooth | Enamel bonding |
| sealants
bonded ortho breaks
resin-bonded bridges
bonded veneers | Examples of enamel bonding are |
| Placed on prepared dentin or inner layer of a tooth for the bonding of a restorative material to a tooth structure | Dentin bonding |
| is applied to remove the smear layer | Etchant |
| covers all surface | Bonding surface |
| provides "temporary wall" for the restoration process of class II,III and IV preperations | Matrix system |
| is the occlusial edge | largest circumference (Matrix band) |
| Gingival edge | Smaller circumference (Matrix band) |
| tofflemire retainer | posterior matrix bands are also reffered to as |
| Celluloid matrix
Mylar Strip | Plastic matrix bands are reffered to as |
| Class III and IV restorations | Plastic matrix's are used in |
| Thin polished palodent type band and tension ring that produces a tight anatomic contact for composite resin materials | Sectional Matrix are |
| Class II restorations | Sectional Matrix are used on |
| When formed the top portion of the T allows the straight portion to adjust and fit the circumfrence of the primary molar | T-Band |
| form fitting band around the tooth fusing metal together to make a custom band | Spot Welded band |
| Protects pulp from chemical irritation from acidic dental materials by sealing ability
Stimulates production of reparative | Calcium Hydroxide |
| Treat or prevent hypersensitivity
used instead of a varnish
seal the dental tubules
ideal for use under all indirect restorations | Dentin sealer/desensitizer |
| use sparingly
do not allow contact with soft tissue CHEMA + Glutrahyde
Apply the dentin sealer | Dentin sealer/ desensitizer Application process |
| Protects pulp from large restorations | Protective base |
| Protects tooth from thermal shock | Insulating base |
| Smoothes pulp that has been damaged by decay or irritated | Sedative base |
| Zinc Oxide (ZOE)
Zinc Prosphate
Poly carbolaxylate
glass iononmer | Types of base materials are |
| short term restorations | Intermediate restorative material is used for |
| less irritating to the pulp | ZOE (Zinc oxide) and Glass ionomer are |
| G.V. Black | The developer of cavity decay classification is |
| anything from class I restoration to an extensive class II | Permanet restoration can be used for |
| can include 4 or more surfaces | class ii restoration |
| Interproximal surfaces (mesial + distal) of incisors and canines | Class III restorations affects |
| larger surface area (mesial or distal) which includes incisal edge and interproximal surfaces of canines and incisors | Class IV restorations involve |
| a one surface lession involving the pits and fissures of a tooth | Class I restorations is |
| gingival third of the facial or linguial surface of any tooth | Class V restorations occur on the |
| Posterior teeth | Class I and II restorations involve |
| Anterior teeth | Class III and IV restorations involve |
| Any teeth | Class V Restorations involve |
| Vital Bleaching | Tooth whitening is referred to as |
| Extrinsic Stains (result of exposure to coffee, tea, tobacco and certain foods)
Aged Teeth
Intrinsic Stains (Trauma, aging, exposure to tetracycline during tooth formation and/or ingestion of fluoride causing fluorosis) | Indications for tooth whitening |
| In office
At home
Over the counter | Tooth whitening tray can be provided |
| Assist in recording medical and dental history
make shade selection
take intraoral photographs before and after whitening procedure
take and pour up the preliminary impression for the custom tray
fabricate and trim the tray
provide preoperative instructions on use of the material
assist in weekly or biweekly clinic visits | DA's role in teeth whitening |
| use for temporary loss of feeling or sensation | Anesthesia |
| are the drugs that produce the temporary loss of feeling or sensation | Anesthetics |
| Numbing effects on nerve endings located on the surface of the oral mucosa | Anesthesia provides |
| Topical anesthesia
local anesthesia
inhalation sedation
intravenous sedation
general anesthesia
mind-body medicine | Different methods of pain control are |
| the most frequently used for pain control in dentistry | Local anesthesia is |
| an agent combined w/ anesthetic slows down the uptake of an anesthetic agent into the bloodstream and increases duration of action | Vasoconstrictor is |
| it increases blood flow | A side effects of vasoconstrictor is |
