| Name some of the substances that are dissolved in plasma that flow into the glomerulus (5). | Glucose |
| Name some of the substances that are filtered into the Bowman’s capsule (4). | Glucose |
| Explain why proteins and cells are not found in the filtrate in the nephron. | Too large to fit through the pores in the basement membrane. |
| What is the role of magnesium in plant cells? (3) | - Make chlorophyll
- Which absorbs light
- More photosynthesis |
| Explain 3 responses to Hyperthermia. (6) | - Sweating - increased heat loss through evaporation of water from skin
- Hairs lie flat - removal of insulating layer
- Vasodilation - blood vessels near skin surface dilate, resulting in more blood flow at surface of skin - more heat loss via radiation |
| Explain 3 responses to Hyperthermia. (6) | - Shivering - movement, respiration, release of heat energy
- Hairs stand on end - creates insulating layer of warm air
- Vasoconstriction - blood vessels near skin surface constrict reducing blood flow - reducing heat loss by radiation |
| Explain the role of diffusion in gas exchange in humans. | Oxygen from air in the lung diffuses into the blood along a concentration gradient. Similarly, carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the air in the lungs along a concentration gradient. Oxygen is needed for Respiration and carbon dioxide is a product. |
| Explain the role of diffusion in gas exchange in plants. | Oxygen diffuses from the leaf, out of the stomata, into the air as it is produced in photosynthesis. Carbon Dioxide diffuses into the leaf along a concentration gradient to be used as a reactant in Photosynthesis. This only happens in the day. At night, there is a higher rate of respiration than photosynthesis so gas exchange reversed. |
| How is the structure of the leaf adapted to gas exchange? | - Stomata - for diffusion to happen in and out of
- Thin leaf - short diffusion distance
- Spongy mesophyll - air space, provides large surface area of cells in contact with air. |
| Describe the role of stomata in gas exchange. | Stomata allow gas exchange to occur, carbon dioxide to diffuse in and oxygen to diffuse out, along their respective concentration gradients. |
| When does Respiration occur in plants? | All the time. |
| When does Photosynthesis occur in plants. | Only when there is light. |
| What does Hydrogen-carbon indicator detect the presence of? | Carbon Dioxide |
| What are the excretory products of the lungs? | Carbon dioxide |
| What are the excretory products of the kidney? | Water |
| What are the excretory products of the skin? | Water |
| What are the two functions of the kidneys? | Osmoregulation & Excretion |
| Why is glucose reabsorbed back into the blood in the proximal convoluted tubule? | This is the first opportunity and we want to get all the glucose back into the blood. |
| How is ADH used in osmoregulation? | - Hypothalamus detects solute concentration in the blood.
- Pituitary gland will secrete more or less ADH.
- Solute concentration high = more ADH released = conservation of water = more permeability to water in nephron.
- Solute concentration low = less ADH released = lower conservation of water = less permeability to water in nephron. |
