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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
An arterial ulcer has issues with blood going ______ the heartaway from
A venous ulcer has issues with blood going _____ the heartto
what pneumonic is used to assess whether an ulcer is Arterial or Venous?"VESSEL"
Do people with Arterial Ulcers prefer elevated or dangling legs?dangling
Do people with Venous Ulcers prefer elevated or dangling legs?elevated
Skin of Arterial ulcerscool to touch, thin, dry, scaly, hairless
Skin of Venous ulcerswarm, thick, brownish color
What part of the cardiac cycle does the P wave represent?Atrial Contraction
What part of the cardiac cycle does the QRS represent?Ventricle Contraction
What does a U wave indicateresting of the Purkinje fibers (uncommon)
Symptoms of Increased ICPirritability (early), restlessness, headache, decreased LOC, Pupil abnormalities, abnormal respirations, abnormal posturing
normal ICP10-15
What kind of fluid does a Lumbar Puncture sampleCSF
what can a lumbar puncture help diagnose?multiple sclerosis, syphilis, meningitis, infection
is Bacteria or Viral meningitis more common?Viral
what are the 2 vaccines for prevention of meningitis?HIB, MCV4
symptoms of meningitisheadache, nuchal rigidity, photophobia, nausea and vomiting, positive kerning's and brudzinski's sign
Kernig sign Testpatient lays on their back and you lift up their leg with knees bent. Pain while extending the knee flat is a positive sign
Brudzinksi sign testpatient lays on their back and you lift up their head. Pain is a positive sign and they will flex knees in
Meds for bacterial Meningitisantibiotics, phenytoin (anticonvulsant)
Tonic- Clonic Seizure3 phases; tonic, clonic, post ictal
tonic episodestiffening of the muscles and loss of consciousness
clonic episode1 to 2 minutes of rhythmic jerking
post ictal phasevery confused and sleepy
Absence Seizureloss of consciousness for just a few seconds Blank staring, eye fluttering, lip smacking, picking at clothes
Myoclonic SeizureBrief stiffening of the extremities
Atonic Seizureloss of muscle tone and usually results in falling
Status Epilepticusrepeated seizure activity within 30 minutes or a single seizure that lasts more than 5 minutes
Parkinson's disease is characterized by too little _____ and too much ______dopamine, acetylcholine
Meds for Parkinson'sLevodopa-Carbidopa (increases Dopamine) Benztropine (Anticholinergic)
Meds for Alzheimer's diseaseDonepezil Antipsychotics Antidepressants Antianxiety meds
Multiple Sclerosisautoimmune disorder that causes plaque buildup in the white matter of the CNS
symptoms of multiple sclerosiseye problems, muscle spasticity and weakness, bowel or bladder dysfunction, cognitive changes, ear problems, dysphagia, fatigue
meds for multiple sclerosisImmunosuppressants Cyclosporine Prednisone Muscle Relaxants (Dantrolene, Baclofen)
ALSdegenerative neurological disorder of the upper and lower motor neurons
ALS med that slows deteriorationRiluzole
Myasthenia Gravisautoimmune disorder that causes severe muscle weakness
What is administered to detect MG from a cholinergic crisisEdrophonium
Meds for MGAnticholinesterase Agents Pyridostignine/ Neostigmine Immunosuppressants
Meds for MigrainesNSAIDs Sumatriptans or Ergotamine
Glaucoma medsPilocarpine Timolol Mannitol
Normal IOP10-21
Meniere's Diseaseinner ear disorder
Meds for Meniere's DiseaseAntihistamines Anticholinergics Antiemetics meclizine, triperidol, diphenhydramine, scopolamine
hemorrhagic strokedue to ruptured artery or aneurysm
thrombotic strokeblood clot in the cerebral artery
embolic strokeblood clot from another part of the body travels up to the cerebral artery
Left Hemisphere Strokeissues with language skills, math skills, and analytical thinking expressive aphasia reading and writing difficulties right sided weakness or paralysis
Right Hemisphere StrokeIssues with visual awareness oversestimate abilities poor judgement and impulse control left sided neglect
How to remember right and left sided stroke"right reckless, left language"
nasal canula rate1-6 L
Simple Face mask rate5-8 L
Partial Non-Rebreather Mask rate6-11 L
Adjust oxygen flow to achieve what with a Partial Non-Rebreather?keep reservoir bag from deflating
Non-Rebreather Mask rate10-15 L
adjust oxygen flow to achieve what with a Non-Rebreather mask?keep reservoir bag 2/3 full
Venturi Mask rate4-10 L
When do we use face tentsfor patients with burns or facial trauma
Which oxygen device provides the most precise delivery of oxygen?Venturi Mask
What causes a low-pressure alarm when using Mechanical Ventilation?disconnection, tube leak, tube displacement
What causes a high-pressure alarm when using Mechanical Ventilation?excessive secretions, biting of the tube, kinks in the tube, coughing, pulmonary edema, bronchospasm, pneumothorax
how to remember low pressure/high pressure alarm"high kink, low leak"
COPD is a combo of what two disorders?emphysema and chronic bronchitis
which 4 antibiotics are given for TB?Isonazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinmide, Ethambutol
Normal CK-MB level0%
Troponin T levelless than 0.1
Troponin I levelless than 0.03
Myoglobin levelless than 90
total cholesterol levelless than 200
HDL levelover 55 for women, over 45 for men
LDL levelless than 130
Triglycerides levelbetween 35-135 for women, between 40-160 for men
normal Central Venous Pressure2-6
normal Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure6-15
Normal cardiac output4-8
ALT and AST level0-35
Amylaseless than 220
Lipaseless than 160
Bilirubin levelless than 1
albumin3.5-5
Ammonia10-80
creatinine level0.6-1.2
BUN level10-20
specific gravity1.01-1.025
normal PR interval0.12-0.20 seconds
normal QRS intervalless than 0.12 seconds
What will the PR interval and QRS interval be with Sinus Tachycardia?PR: less than 0.20, QRS: less than 0.12
what will the PR interval and QRS interval be with Sinus Bradycardia?PR: less than 0.20, QRS: less than .10