| What are the 4 main hormones involved in the menstrual cycle and their roles and where they come from? | FSH-pituitary galnd-causes egg to mature in an ovary & ovaries to produce oestrogen
Oestrogen-ovaries-stops FSH production (so only 1 egg produced) repairs, thickens, maintains uterus lining stimulates pituatary gland to release LH
LH-pituatary gland-Triggers ovulation (release of a mature egg)
Progesterone-ovaries,Placenta produces progesterone maintaining lining of uterus during middle of menstrual cycle and pregnancy |
| Describe the entire menstrual cycle? | 1)Day1-12 -oestrogen gradually increase peaks on day 12. Progestrerone, LH & FSH stay same and increase slightly from day 12
2)FSH & LH patterns similiar and peak on day 14 during ovulation, drop sharply on day 15 stay constant till day 28
3)Oestrogen drops on days 13-14, progesterone & oestrogen increses to day 21then slow decrease. |
| Evaluate oral contraceptives. | Contains oestrogen and progesterone inhibiting production of FSH, eggs cant mature.
Benifits - (1)if taken correctly 99% effective(2)reduce risk of certain cancers
Risks - (1)possible side effects change in weight, mood and blood pressure |
| Evaluate the 5 common physical contraceptions. | -Condoms (easy to use, but may rip) and diapraghms (left for several hours after)
-IUDs prevent embry implantation/release of hormone (left up to years fitted by health proffesionals)
-Spermasidical agents, disable sperm (some are allergic)
-Abstaining from sex when egg in oviduct (timings must be accurate
-Surgical methods e.g.vasectomy sperm duct tied (perminent) |
| What is a hormone? | A chemical substance produced by a gland delivered in the blood stream alters activity of target organs. |
| Describe all the glands and their functions. | Pituatary-Master gland controls other glands
Thyroid-Produces thyroxine
Adrena-Produces adreniline
Pancreas-Produces insullin
Testes-Produces testosterone
Ovaries-Produce oestrogen |
| What are the main male hormone involved in puberty? | Tesotosterone-male-testes-sperm production |
| Evaluate the use of 2 common infertility treatments. | Fertility drugs-contain FSH &LH stimulating egg to matuture in ovary risk of premature or underweight babies may lead to twins or triplets
In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) treatment-(1)mother gets FSH and LH stimulating mature of several eggs(1)egg and sperm collected and placed on dish in lab and fertilised(3)one or 2 embryos inserted in mothers uterus |
| What are the pros and cons of IVF? | Pros-(1)People that wouldnt be able to have babies can have them(2)safe track record since 1978(3)embryos screened for genetic diseases(4)unused eggs used in research/donation
Cons-(1)if not funded by NHS then costs £5000(2)chance of pregnancy varies with age (32.2% under 35yrs)(1.9% over 44yrs)(3)risk of multiple births, danger to mother and babiese(4)risk of OHS ovarianhyper-stimulation where too many eggs developed(5)emotionally and physicaly stressful(6)low sucess rate(7)ethical issues, people may want babies with desirable qualities |
