| is the rigid, solid layer that covers the Earth and is made up of crust and upper mantle. | LITHOSPHERE |
| Lithosphere floats in this semi-plastic layer called the ________ | asthenosphere |
| Lithosphere came from the 2 words '____' and '_____' | lithos(stone) and sphaira(globe/ball) |
| the smaller sections of Earth’s lithosphere | Plates |
| the edges that separate the tectonic plates with one another. | Plate boundaries |
| It is the most active plate boundary. | Pacific Plate's Ring of Fire |
| Is associated with an oceanic crust that lies in the ocean floor. | Oceanic Lithosphere |
| Is associated with the exposed landmasses. | Continental Lithosphere |
| Oceanic lithosphere is _____ years old | 260 million |
| Continental lithosphere is ______ years old | 4 billion |
| Thickness of Oceanic and Continental L. | Oceanic- 7-10km, Continental- 25-70km |
| Density of Oceanic and Continental L. | Oceanic- 3.0g/cm^3, Continental 2.7g/cm^3 |
| Oceanic L. is primarily composed of _____ | basaltic rocks |
| Continental L. is primarily composed of ____ | granitic rocks |
| What are the 7 Primary Tectonic Plates? | Eurasian, Australian, North American, South American, Antarctic, African, Pacific |
| What Are the 8 Secondary Tectonic Plates? | Philippine, Juan de Fuca, Cocos, Scotia, Nazca, Indian, Caribbean, Arabian |
| Used by scientists as basis for dividing lithosphere into several plates | VOLCANISM, SEISMIC ACTIVITY & MOUNTAIN FORMATION |
| Geologic events and features such as earthquakes, active volcanoes, and major mountain ranges are distributed ______ | near or along plate boundaries. |
| The sudden shaking of the ground that may result in destruction of infrastructure and lives. | earthquake |
| The supercontinent that is believed to have existed 250 million years ago. | Pangaea |
| A theory stating that the continents are were once joined together as one. | Continental Drift |
| Waves that provided geologists information about the internal structure of the Earth. | Seismic Waves |
| A landform where molten materials from inner Earth are release | Volcano |
| Is the point on the surface of the earth that lies directly above the origin of the earthquake. | Epicenter |
| Is the point within the Earth where seismic waves originated. | Focus |
| The energy released travels all throughout the Earth in the form of ______; it is generated by the movement of tectonic plates. | seismic waves |
| 2 types of Seismic Waves | Body waves and Surface waves |
| 2 types of Body waves | P wave and S wave |
| 2 types of Surface wave | Rayleigh wave and Love wave |
| Is used to record the motion of the ground. | Seismograph |
| It travels faster than S wave because it can pass through the liquid part of the Earth | P- wave |
| Scientists use the ______________________________ to get the distance of the epicenter from the seismic station. | difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave |
| Three distances from three different seismic stations are needed to determine the exact location of the epicenter using a method known as ____________. | triangulation method. |
| Seismologists determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter by multiplying the difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave in seconds by ____ | 8km/s |
| Is any physical feature of the earth’s surface that is formed by a geologic process. | Geologic Features |
| Distribution of earthquake epicenters | scattered everywhere |
| Distribution of active volcanoes. | along the edges of the plates. |
| Distribution of MOUNTAIN BELTS (MOUNTAIN RANGE) | along the edges of the plates |
| Is a technique which is used to date materials such as rocks or carbon, in which trace radioactive impurities were selectively incorporated when they were formed. | Radioactive Dating Technique |
| A theory which suggests that Earth’s crust is made of plates that interact in various ways, thus producing earthquakes, mountains, volcanoes, and other geologic features. | Plate Tectonics Theory |
| Interactions of __________ cause earthquakes, volcanoes and mountain belts. | plate tectonics |
| Is a group of mountain ranges with similarity in form, structure, and alignment that have arisen from the same cause, usually an orogeny. | A MOUNTAIN SYSTEM OR MOUNTAIN BELT |
| Refers to mountains formed in the same age and with the same process arranged in narrow and long belts | Mountain Range |
| Any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk to life and property from hazard events. It is an on-going process that occurs before, during, and after disasters and serves to break the cycle of damage and repair in hazardous areas | HAZARD MITIGATION |
| True or False
Most earthquakes take place at tectonic plate boundaries because earthquakes take place where the motion of tectonic plates transfers energy to rock. | True |
| Folded mountain belts sometimes form at _________ boundaries because the rock is compressed and forced upward. | convergent plate |
| An earthquake beneath the ocean. | Tsunami |
| What makes up the lithosphere? | Crust and upper mantle |
| How many seismic stations are needed to locate an earthquake? | 3 |
| Where is the location of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts? | Along the edges of the plates |
| How earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes, and major mountain belts are distributed? | The distribution of earthquake epicenters is different from active
volcanoes, and major mountain belts |
| What is needed to determine the epicenter of an earthquake? | The distance of the epicenter from three different seismic stations |
| What is needed to determine the distance of the epicenter from a seismic station? | I believe ito ang sagot (The difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave) pero ang sabi ni maam ay ito (The difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave from three different
seismic stations) and I, Thank you. |
