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level: Level 1 - Definitions

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 - Definitions

Question	Answer
Controls when urine is released from the bladder into the urethra.	Sphincter muscles
A tube which carries urine from the bladder to outside the body.	Urethra
Urine is stored here. It has stretchy walls and can store large quantities.	Bladder
Urea is produced here.	Liver
In the liver, this is broken down into urea.	Amino Acids
Carries urine to the bladder.	Ureter
Brings blood containing urea, excess salts and excess ions into the kidney.	Renal Artery
Carries blood away from the kidney after all urea and excess salts and water have been removed.	Renal Vein
A smooth semitransparent membrane that adheres tightly to the outer surface of the kidney.	Renal Capsule
The removal from the body of the toxic waste products of metabolism.	Excretion
Maintaining constant body conditions. Eg: body temperature, blood sugar, blood water content.	Homeostasis
The process where a change in the body is detected and brings about events that return condition to normal.	Negative feedback
The point at which the rate of respiration in the plant is the same as the rate of photosynthesis.	The Compensation Point
A component of a process or reaction that is in 'short supply', so that it prevents the rate of reaction from increasing.	Limiting Factor
A pair of specialised cells surrounding the stoma in the epidermis of a leaf. They change shape to open or close the stoma.	Guard cells
The pores in the epidermis of a leaf.	Stoma (single) Stomata (plural)
A tiny functional kidney tubule where ultrafiltration and reabsorption takes place and urine forms.	Nephron
A small knot of capillaries associated with a Bowman's Capsule.	Glomerulus
The cup shaped structure at the start of the nephron where ultrafiltration occurs.	Bowman's Capsule
Filtration of the blood under high pressure allowing small molecules (eg. glucose, urea, water) to pass through the basement membrane into the Bowman's capsule.	Ultrafiltration
The liquid in the Bowman's capsule produced by ultrafiltration.	Glomerular filtrate
The hormone involved in regulating water content in the blood by changing the permeability of the collecting duct of the nephrons.	ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
Part of the brain that monitors the water content of blood.	Hypothalamus
The regulation of the concentration of water in the blood.	Osmoregulation
A collection of cells that secrete hormones into the blood.	Endocrine Glands
A hormone produced by the pancreas that causes muscle and liver cells to take up glucose from the blood.	Insulin
A hormone produced by the pancreas that causes muscle and liver cells to release glucose back into the blood.	Glucagon
A polysaccharide of glucose that acts as a storage molecule in animals and fungi. Found in liver and muscle cells.	Glycogen
An animal that maintains constant body temperature by physiological means (mammals and birds).	Homeotherm
Maintaining a constant body temperature.	Thermoregulation
When body temperature drops too low.	Hypothermia
When body temperature is too high.	Hyperthermia
Either of two bean-shaped excretory organs that filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them and water in urine.	Kidney