| The parotid lymph node in ruminants | it is partially covered by the parotid, but can be surpassed rostrally |
| The mandibular lymph node in bulls | it can be felt through the soft tissue of the neck |
| The ventral superficial cervical lymph nodes (prescapular) in ruminants: | are palpable in the cervicoscapular groove |
| In swine, the mandibular lymph center: | also includes accessory mandibular lymph nodes |
| In swine, the thoracic limb lymph center comprises: | axillary lymph nodes of the first rib |
| In swine, intercostal lymph nodes: | are missing |
| In swine, ventral thoracic lymph center: | are represented only by the cranial sternal lymph nodes |
| In ruminants, the parietal lymph centers of the thoracic cavity: | do not include intercostal lymph nodes |
| Caudal mediastinal lymph nodes in ruminants: | are elongated and located dorsal to the esophagus and ventral aorta |
| Eparterial lymph nodes (cranial tracheo-bronchial) are found: | at the origin of the tracheal bronchus |
| The ileofemoral lymph nodes in ruminants: | is placed on the external iliac artery |
| Lymph nodes found specifically in pigs are: | testicular and phrenico-abdominal lymph nodes |
| Superficial inguinal lymph nodes are arranged: | caudal to the base of the udder |
| The popliteal lymph center in pigs: | includes superficial popliteal lymph nodes and deep popliteal lymph nodes |
| The inguinal region has an anatomical basis in: | superficial inguinal ring |
| The superficial inguinal ring represents: | an elliptical slot in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle of the abdomen |
| In general, the inguinal traject is delimited cranially by: | the lateral face of the internal oblique muscle of the abdomen |
| Vaginal ring: | is the deep inguinal ring lined by the transverse fascia and peritoneum |
| Testicular artery: | is extremely flexible at the level of the pampiniform plexus |
| External pudendal artery of the horse: | it ends with the abdominal subcutaneous artery and the cranial artery of the penis |
| The tendonous synovial sheath used by the deep digital flexor at the level of the metacarpo sesamo phalangian joint: | it is separated proximally from the recessus of the metacarpo sesamo falangian joint by the tendon of the median interosseous muscle |
| The distal reccesus of the great sesamoidian sheath: | has a palmar protrusion between the superficial flexor insertions and the fascia that strengthens the palmar aponeurosis |
| The great glenoidal burelet: | is inserted wide on the intermediate phalanx |
| The proper, lateral and medial digital arteries in the equine: | ends inside the distal phalanx through the terminal arch |
| The lateral and medial digital veins are formed by the convergence of 3-4 veins in equines: | detached from superficial and deep cartilaginous venous plexuses |
| The palmar digital nerve: | is located caudal to the digital artery |
| White line: | marks on the solar face the place where the hoof wall meets the sole |
| Perioplic burelet: | is situated dorsally to the cutidural burelet |
| The cutidural burelet: | determines the increase in the length of the hoof wall |
| Keraphillum (Lamellae epidermales): | is generated by the podophyllous tissue |
| Complementary fibrocartilage: | come in contact through the deep face with the recessuses of the distal interphalangeal joint |
| During the operation of the inflammed complementary fibrocartilage of the hoof: | the distal interphalangeal joint must be in forced extension |
| External layer of the straight abdominal muscle in the equine: | it results from the interposition of the aponeuroses of the external and internal oblique muscles of the abdomen |
| Anastomotic arch performed by the cranial and caudal epigastric artery: | is placed at the latero-dorsal edge of the straight muscle of the abdomen |
| Abdominal subcutaneous vein: | is continued with the internal thoracic vein in calves |
| Iliohypogastric nerve: | emits on the path branches for transverse muscles of the abdomen, right abdomen, internal oblique of the abdomen |
| The ilioinguinal nerve: | through the ventral branch ends at the scrotum or at the skin of the udder |
| The subcutaneous abdominal vein in equines: | discharges into the accessory pudendal vein |
| External pudendal artery: | can be dissected at the caudal-medial commissure of the superficial inguinal ring |
| The portal vein in equines: | has the roots of the cranial mesenteric vein, the caudal mesenteric vein and the splenic vein |
| The left gastroepiploic artery | represents the continuation of the splenic artery |
| The gastro-duodenal artery | it ends with the right gastro-epiploic artery and the cranial pancreatico-duodenal artery |
| left bundle of the cranial mesenteric artery | is represented by 18-20 jejunal arteries |
| The caudal pancreato-duodenal artery | represents the indirect branch of the first jejunal artery |
| The ventral colic artery: | engages on the small curvature of the 1st and 2nd segment of the ascending colon |
| The anterior fascicle of the cranial mesenteric artery: | is the common trunk of the right colic artery and the middle colic artery |
| The cranial rectal artery: | represents the last direct branch of the caudal mesenteric artery |
| At the inner face of the hypochondrium, under the parietal serosa can be found: | the musculo phrenical artery and vein |
| The dorsal limit of the thoracic cavity in equines is represented by: | the line joining the tuberosity of the scapular spine with the cranial angle of the paralumbar fossa |
| The ventral limit of the projection of the liver on the left in the equine is: | the horizontal line that passes equal distance between the coxal tuberosity and the patella |
| The position of the head of the cecum: | on the right side, at the level of the paralumbar fossa |
| The bovine cecum is situated: | on the right side, at the level of the the chord of the flank |
| In the canidae, the anatomical position of the heart is described as: | on the left, between ribs 3-7 |
| In the canidae the stomach is positioned: | on the left side, between ribs 7-11 |
| The flank region: | in cattle it is wide |
| The following statement about the flank region is not true: | the division of the region into the paralumbar fossa, rope and slope of the flank is not specific for the ungulates |
| In the flank region: | at the level of subcutaneous connective tissue the dorsal branches of the lumbar nerves appear at the tip of the lumbar transverse processes |
| The interfascial connective tissue from the flank region: | vascular formations (descending branch of the deep iliac circumflex artery) are found |
| The distal recessus of the great synovial sheath (great sesamoidian sheath) has a palmar protrusion between: | superficial flexor insertions and fascia (aponevrosis) that strengthens palmar aponeurosis |
| The proximal branch of the palmar ramus of the proximal phalangeal artery supplies the: | synovial membrane of the interphalango-sesamoidian (fetlock) joint |
| .In cow, caudally of the base of the udder, are placed: | superficial inguinal lymph nodes |
| Keraphillum (Lamellae epidermales) is generated by: | podophillum (Lamellae dermales) |
| The ligament of ergot are located on the lateral sides of: | fascia of the chusion |
| Complementary fibrocartilage is found to the lateral and medial side of: | bulbs of the chusion |
| The bars of the hoof are on the lateral margin of: | collateral groove (lateral gap) |
| Nails can be used to secure a horseshoe: | outside the white line |
| Between the white line and the body of the frog is: | the body of the sole |
| The fibrous sheath of the digit is inserted through two pairs of bridle on: | extremities of the first phalange |
| The most superficial of the sesamoidian ligaments is the: | straight sesamoidian |
| At the boundary between the skin and the horn of the hoof is found: | perioplic burelet |
| The cutidural burelet generates: | the horn of the wall without the periopla (Perioplum) and the keraphillum (Lamellae epidermales) |
| The middle shield is: | the great glenoidal burelet |
| The coronary artery of the distal phalanx is arises from: | the dorsal artery of the proximal phalanx |
| The insertion point of the deep flexor is: | on the palmar face of the middle phalanx |
| The white line is formed: | at the place of engagement of the sole with the solar edge of the wall |
| Podophyllous lamellae (Lamellae dermalis): | are less common in the heels region |
| Testicular artery (internal spermatic artery): | is detached from the abdominal aorta |
| The cremasteric artery (small testicular artery, external spermatic artery): | in the equine it is detached from the external iliac artery near the origin |
| Which statement regarding the testicular cord is true: | it consists of the vasculo-nervous fascicle and the deferent duct connected by the mesorchium |
| Periopla (Perioplum) is generated by: | no answer is correct |
| The splenic artery in equines results in the: | branches for the left half of the large curvature of the stomach |
| Celiac artery in equines: | has three terminal arteries |
| The middle rectal artery: | comes from the prostate artery in the male |
| The renal arteries are collateral vessels of the abdominal aortic artery arising from: | caudal region of the cranial mesenteric artery |
| In equines, the cecal artery: | bifurcates into the lateral cecal artery and medial cecal artery |
| The middle layer of the hoof wall: | is generated by the cutidural burelet (Dermis coronae) |
| The deep layer of the hoof wall: | consists of primary epidermal lamella and secondary epidermal lamella |
| Podophyllous lamellae (Lamellae dermales): | are arranged parallel with the keraphyllous lamellae (Lamellae epidermales) |
| The sole: | has horn softer than the level of the wall of the hoof |
| The corneous layer of the sole is produced by: | the velutous tissue of the sole (Dermis soleae) |
| Palmar chusion: | is in contact with the palmar face of the aponeurosis that reinforces the palmar aponeurosis |
| The fascia of the chusion is positioned: | between the skin and the postsesamo-phalangeal fascia |
| The coronary groove: | offers a place of support for the cutidural burelet (Dermis coronae) |
| The anterior portion of the wall of the hoof: | it is called the toe (Pars dorsalis) |
| Branches of the frog: | they are divergent in the caudal direction |
| The chord of the flank: | represents the part of the internal oblique muscle of the abdomen that is inserted cranially on the last rib |
| The endoabdominal fascia from the flank region: | is a connective, thin sheet, which adheres tightly to the inner face of the transversus abdominis |
| In swine the caudal commissure of the superficial inguinal ring: | it is placed very close to the pubic arch |
| Vaginal ring: | results from the lining of the deep inguinal ring by the transverse fascia and peritoneum |
| The vaginal process (vaginal tunic): | it is covered on the external face by the external cremaster muscle |
