| Splenius | Origin:Inferior Skull, spinous process T1-6
Insertion: Transverse process (c1-c4), mastoid process and occipital bone
Action: extend (bilaterally) and laterally flex (unilaterally) head and neck
Innervation: Cervical and thoracic Dorsal Rami |
| Iliocostalis | Origin:Iliac crest, posterior sacrum, inferior lumbar, and sacral spinous processes
Insertion: Angles of the ribs and transverse process (c4-c6)
Action: extend vertebral column (bilaterally), laterally flex vertebral column(unilaterally)
Innervation: Cervical and thoracic Dorsal Rami |
| Longissimus | Origin:Origin:Iliac crest, posterior sacrum, inferior lumbar, and sacral spinous processes
Insertion: Transverse processes of cervical and Thoracic, mastoid processes
Action: Extend head and neck (bilaterally), laterally flex head/neck (Unilaterally)
Innervation: Cervical and thoracic dorsal Rami |
| Spinalis | Origin:Origin:Iliac crest, posterior sacrum, inferior lumbar, and sacral spinous processes
Insertion: Spinous processes of cervical and thoracic
Action: Extend vertebral column (bilaterally), Laterally flex vertebral column (unilaterally)
Innervation: Cervical and thoracic dorsal Rami |
| Semispinalis | Origin: Transverse Processes of Cervical and Thoracic
Insertion: Spinous Processes of vertebrae 6-7 (superior to origin), Back of skull
Action: Extend head and neck (bilaterally), Laterally flex head and neck (Unilaterally)
Innervation: Cervical and thoracic dorsal Rami |
| Multifidus | Origin: Transverse processes of (C2) through Sacral vertebrae
Insertion: Spinous Processes 2-3 segments superior to origin
Action: Extend Vertebral Column (bilaterally), laterally flex vertebral column (unilaterally)
Innervation: Dorsal Rami of the Spinal Nerves |
