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Questions and Answers List

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Question	Answer
pre-Renaissance period (c. 1300-1400) in Italy	Proto-renaissance
a work of art, especially a painting on wood, set above and behind an altar.	Altarpiece
a durable method of painting on a wall by using watercolors on wet plaster	Fresco
a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to Modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries.	Renaissance
(Art Movements) from about 1400 to 1500 in European, esp Italian, strove to achieve greater realism in all their works. faces now became more life-like, bodies were painted in more realistic postures and poses, and figures began to express real emotion.	Early Renaissance
the art produced in the ancient past or to later art inspired by that of ancient past.	Classicism
A system of thought that focuses on humans and their values, capacities, and worth	humanism
a system of creating an illusion of depth on a flat surface.	Linear perspective
a portrait in a larger painting or other work showing the person who commissioned and paid for the image, or a member of his, or her, family.	donor portrait
is a Latin phrase meaning 'remember you must die'.	memento mori
is a short period of the most exceptional artistic production in the Italian states, particularly Rome, capital of the Papal States, and in Florence, during the Italian Renaissance. (1475-1525) A rising interest in perspective and space gave the art even more realism.	High Renaissance
the use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition.	chiaroscuro
creates the illusion of depth by increasingly blurring the lines and details of objects or figures as the image regresses into the distance, as it would in nature.	atmospheric perspective ( Aerial )
from the Italian word fumo, meaning "smoke". technique of oil painting which colours or tones are blended in such a subtle manner that they melt into one another without perceptible transitions, lines or edges.	Sfumato
from the Italian word 'maniera' meaning style or stylishness) refers to a style of painting,	Mannerism
occurred in Europe north late 15th century. (famous for its advanced oil painting techniques, realistic, expressive altarpiece art, portraiture on wooden panel paintings, as well as woodcuts and other forms of printmaking)	North Renaissance
the science of identification, description, classification, and interpretation of symbols, themes, and subject matter in the visual arts	Iconography
the destruction of images or hostility toward visual representations in general.	Iconoclasm
a prayer book for the laity that developed in late medieval Europe and that was used for private devotion	Book of hours
transferring images from a matrix onto another surface, most often paper or fabric	PrintMaking
a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches	Protestant Reformation
propositions for debate concerned with the question of indulgences, written (in Latin) and possibly posted by Martin Luther on the door of the Schlosskirche (Castle Church), Wittenberg, on October 31, 1517. This event came to be considered the beginning of the Protestant Reformation	ninety-five theses
the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected); many leaders were Jesuits	Counter Reformation
held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento, in northern Italy), was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation.	council of trent
a member of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order of priests founded by St. Ignatius Loyola, St. Francis Xavier, and others in 1534, to do missionary work.	Jesuits
from Italian tenebroso ("dark, gloomy, mysterious"), also occasionally called dramatic illumination, is a style of painting using profoundly pronounced chiaroscuro, where there are violent contrasts of light and dark, and where darkness becomes a dominating feature of the image.	Tenebrism
someone who suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, refusing to renounce, or refusing to advocate a religious belief or cause as demanded by an external party. ( Sacrificing for religious belief )	Martydom
derived from the Portuguese 'barocco' meaning, 'irregular pearl or stone') describes a fairly complex idiom, originating in Rome, which flowered during the period c. 1590-1720, and which embraced painting, and sculpture as well as architecture.	Baroque
was a period in the history of the Netherlands, roughly spanning the 17th century, in which Dutch trade, science, military, and art were among the most acclaimed in the world.	Dutch Golden Age
a genre of still-life painting that flourished in the Netherlands in the early 17th century. ... The vanitas evolved from simple pictures of skulls and other symbols of death and transience frequently painted on the reverse sides of portraits during the late Renaissance.	Vanitas
Vanitas are closely related to memento mori still lifes which are artworks that remind the viewer of the shortnes and fragility of life (memento mori is a Latin phrase meaning 'remember you must die') and include symbols such as skulls and extinguished candles.	What is the difference between memento mori and vanitas style still life art?
this chapel is COMPLETELY covered in fresco illusionism- inserting architectural elements to give a more earthly setting not just the typical gold background from the normal Medieval humanism- figures interacting with each other and connection in individual ways kissing, crying.	Artist ? Title ? Date ? Culture ? Period ?
The Lamentation- part of the passion scenes transitionary work from Middle ages to Renaissance	Arena Chapel Detail
Unnaturalistic dept Gold , proportions,	Artist ? Title ? Date ? Culture ? Period ?
covered with frescoes by Ambrogio Lorenzetti (1338-1339), commissioned by the council of the Nine and one of the most important secular cycles in the history of art, a true civil and political manifesto of Siena’s enlightened and ambitious government. The effects of good government are illustrated on the adjoining wall, which faces, and opposes, the Bad Government wall. It presents a plausible picture of Siena as an ideal and a real city at the same time, brightly colored, hard-working, full of people. The city gates are open, a sign that this is peacetime and there is no need to close them for defense. The flow of trade and traffic between the city and the countryside is free and constant.	Artist ? Title ? Date ? Culture ? Period ?
Superb Demonstration of Linear Perspective Fresco,	Artist ? Title ? Date ? Culture ? Period ?
It depicts the goddess Venus arriving at the shore after her birth, when she had emerged from the sea fully-grown.	Artist ? Title ? Date ? Culture ? Period ?
Take his art to the next level, developing that naturalism to the next level This mysterious painting by Leonardo da Vinci shows the Virgin, Christ, Saint John, and an angel in a dark landscape, with a backdrop of mountains, caves and water. ... The Virgin of the Rocks demonstrates Leonardo's revolutionary technique of using shadows, rather than outlines, to model his figures.	Artist ? Title ? Date ? Culture ? Period ?