| What is this? | Neutrophil |
| What is this? | Eosinophil |
| What is this? | Basophil |
| What is this? | Monocyte |
| What is this? | Lymphocytes |
| What is this? | Reticulocytes |
| Small cell | Microcytic (anemia) |
| Large cell | Macrocytic (anemia) |
| Normal sized cell | Normocytic (Anemia) |
| Low haemoglobin | Hypochromic (anemia) |
| Normal haemoglobin | Normochromic (anemia) |
| Microcytic, hypochromic anemia | Iron deficiency |
| Normocytic normochromic anemia | Chronic Inflammation anemia |
| macrocytic anemia | Liver disease anemia |
| Embryonic development, can form any tissue | Totipotent Stem Cells |
| Increasing specialisation to produce a limited range of cell types | Pluripotent Stem Cells |
| Progenitor cells, present it marrow and low number in blood | Adult Stem Cells |
| Myeloid, lymphoid cell lineages | Committed Stem Cells |
| What is this | Bone marrow |
| Induce growth and differentiation and produced by peripheral tissue of marrow | Cytokine signals (haemopoiesis) |
| Cell surface signals for regulation of haemopoiesis | Marrow stromal cells |
| Ischaemic heart muscle pain when vascular disease and anaemic | Angina |
| ischaemic leg pain when vascular disease and anaemic | Claudication |
| Iron deficiency, thalassaemias | Microcytic hypochromic anaemia causes |
| Megaloblastic anaemia, liver disease, too many red cells, myelodisplasia | Cause of macrocytic anaemia |
| Reduced production in alpha and beta globin peptides for haemoglobin. | Thalassaemia |
| Delayed and abnormal maturation of all cells in bone marrow and other tissues due to vitamin deficiency | Megaloblastic anaemia |
| Normocytic normochromic or microcytosis | Anemia of chronic disease types |
| Change in iron availability generally due to inflammation/infection | Anemia of chronic disease causes |
| Rheumatoid arthritis, Tuberculosis and opportunistic infections, cancer | Anemia of chronic disease with inflammation/infection |
| How fast the red blood cells fall in blood | Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate |
| Stack of red blood cells | Rouleaux |
| Protein produced in the liver in acute and chronic inflammation | C-reactive protein |
| Reduced erythropoietin. Use injections of EPO to fix | Renal Disease anaemia |
| Inhibition of erythropoietin and bleeding | Anaemia in cancer |
| Young red blood cells. Larger cell volume and stain blue | Reticulocytes |
| Reduced red cell survival in the circulation so increase in reticulocytes resulting in increased MCV | Haemolysis and haemolytic anaemia |
| Malaria, burns, autoimmune | Acquired haemolytic anaemias |
| Haematology and clinical chemistry | Haemolysis tests |
| No alpha or beta globins | thalassemia major |
| Reduced but variable amount of globin | thalassemia intermedia |
| Carrier of thalassemia, no symptoms | thalassemia minor |
| The occurrence of more than one allele at a locus | allelic heterogeneity (?) |
| The association of more than one locus with a clinical phenotype | locus heterogeneity (?) |
| Other gene variants or the environment could change clinical phenotype | Modifier genes and environment (?) |
| alpha thalassemia (deletions) and beta thalassemia (Mutations) | Allelic heterogeneity examples |
| Thalassemia due to mutations in either alpha or beta globin genes | Locus heterogeneity examples |
| Range of presentation in thalassemia intermediates | Modifier genes and environment example |
| Thalassemia minor/trait | alpha+ or beta+ thalassemia |
| Thalassemia minor with protection against malaria | beta+ thalassemia |
| Silent carrier | alpha- thalassemia 3 copies of alpha |
| Carrier with microcytic anaemia | alpha- thalassemia 2 copies of alpha |
| Moderatley severe thalassemia | alpha- thalassemia 1 copy of alpha |
| Very severe thalassemia | alpha- thalassemia 0 copies of alpha |
| Child has 1/4 chance of having thalassemia | If both parents are thalassemia carriers |
