| sheet of cells that cover a body surface or lines a body cavity | Epithelial Tissue |
| Polarity, apical (free) surface and basal surface; Specialized contacts, held together by junctions; supported by connective tissue (cells attached by basement membrane, the adhesive); Avascular but innervated; regeneration | Characteristics of epithelial tissue |
| One layer | Simple |
| Multiple layers | Stratified |
| Single layer of flattened cells, disc shaped central nuclei | Simple Squamous Epithelium |
| Single layer of tubelike cells with large, spherical central nuclei | Simple Cuboidal Epithelium |
| Single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei, some cells bear cilia | Simple Columnar Epithelium |
| Allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important, secretes lubricating substances in serosae | Function of Simple Squamous Epithelium |
| Kidney glomeruli, airs sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, lining of ventral body cavity | Location of Simple Squamous Epithelium |
| Secretion and absorption | Function of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium |
| Kidney Tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface | Location of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium |
| Absorption; Secretion of mucus, enzymes. Ciliated type propels mucus or reproductive cells by ciliary action | Function of Simple Columnar Epithelium |
| Nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract, gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, some regions of uterus | Location of Simple Columnar Epithelium |
| Mucus-secreting unicellular glands | goblet cells |
| Single layer of cells of differing heights some not reaching the free surface; nuclei seen at different levels, may contain cilia and goblet cells | Pseudostratified columnar epithelium |
| Secretes substances, particularly mucus, propulsion of mucus by ciliary action | Function of Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium |
| Nonciliated type in male's sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands; ciliated lines the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract | Location of Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium |
| Several cell layers, basal cells are cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active; surface cells are squamous | Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
| Protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion | Function of Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
| Nonkeratinized type forms the moist linings of the esophagus, mouth and vagina, keratinized=epidermis | Location of Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
| Generally two layers of cubelike cells | Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium |
| Protection | Function of Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium |
| Largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands | Location of Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium |
| Multiple cell layers; basal cells usually cuboidal; superficial cells are columnar | Stratified Columnar Epithelium |
| Protection and secretion | Function of Stratified Columnar Epithelium |
| Rare in the body; small amounts in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands | Location of Stratified Columnar Epithelium |
| Resembles both Squamous and stratified cuboidal; basal cells are cuboidal or columnar; surface cells dome shaped or squamous like; depending on degree of organ stretch | Transitional Epithelium |
| Stretches readily and permits dissension of urinary organs by contained urine | Function of Transitional Epithelium |
| Lines the uterus, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra | Location of Transitional Epithelium |
| Gel-like matrix with a ll 3 fiber types; fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, some white blood cells | Loose areolar connective tissue |
| wraps and cushions organs; macrophages "eat" bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid | Function of Loose areolar connective tissue |
| Widely distributed under epithelia of body; forms lamina propria of mucous membranes; packages organs; surrounds capillaries | Location of Loose areolar connective tissue |
| closely packaged adipocytes; or fat cells; have nucleus pushed to the side by large fat droplet | Loose adipose connective tissue |
| Provides reserve fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs | Function of loose adipose connective tissue |
| Under skin; around kidneys and eyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts | Location of loose adipose connective tissue |
| Network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance; reticular cells lie on the network | Loose reticular connective tissue |
| Fibers form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types; include white blood cells, macrophages, and mast cells | Function of Loose reticular connective tissue |
| Lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen | Location of Loose reticular connective tissue |
| Primarily parallel collagen fibers; few elastic fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast | Dense regular connective tissue |
| Attaches muscles to bones or to other muscles; attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction | Function of Dense regular connective tissue |
| Tendons; most ligaments; aponeuroses | Location of Dense regular connective tissue |
| Dense regular connective tissue containing a high proportion of elastic fibers | Elastic connective tissue |
| Allows recoil of tissue following stretching; maintain pulsatile flow of blood through arteries; aids passive recoil of lungs following inspiration | Function of elastic connective tissue |
| Walls of large arteries; within certain ligaments associated with the vertebral column; within the walls of the bronchial tubes | Location of elastic connective tissue |
| Primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers; some elastic fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast | Dense irregular connective tissue |
| Able to withstand tension exerted in many direction; provides structural stength | Function of dense irregular connective tissue |
| Fibrous capsules of organs and joints; dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract | Location of dense irregular connective tissue |
| Amorphous but firm matrix; collagen fibers form an imperceptible network; chondroblasts produce the matrix and when mature (chondrocytes) lie in lacunae | Hyaline Cartilage |
| Supports and reinforces; serves as resilient cushion; resists compressive stress | Function of hyaline cartilage |
| Forms most of the embryonic skeleton; covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities; forms coastal cartilages of the ribs, cartilages of the nose, trachea, and larynx | Location of Hyaline cartilage |
| Similar to hyaline cartilage, but more elastic fibers in matrix | Elastic cartilage |
| Maintains shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility | Function of elastic cartilage |
| Supports the external ear; epiglottis | Location of elastic cartilage |
| Matrix similar to but less firm than matrix in hyaline cartilage; thick collagen fibers predominate | Fibrocartilage |
| Tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock | Function of fibrocartilage |
| Intervertebral discs; pubic symphysis, discs of knee joint | Location of fibrocartilage |
| Hard, calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers; osteocytes lie in lacunae; very well vascularized | Osseous tissue (Bone) |
| Bone supports and protects (by enclosing); provides levers for the muscles to act on; stores calcium and other minerals and fat; marrow inside bones is the site for blood cell formation | Function of osseous tissue (Bone) |
| Bones | Location of osseous tissue |
| Red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix | Blood |
| Transport of Respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances | Function of blood |
| Contained within blood vessels | Location of blood |
| Neurons are branching cells; cell processes that may be quite long extend from the nucleus-containing cell body; also contribution to nervous tissue are non excitable supporting cells | Nervous tissue |
| Neurons transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors; supporting cells support and protect neurons | Function of nervous tissue |
| Brain; spinal cord; and nerves | Location of nervous tissue |
| Long cylindrical multinucleate cells; obvious striations | Skeletal muscle |
| Voluntary movement; locomotion; manipulation of environment; facial expression; voluntary control | Function of Skeletal Muscle |
| in skeletal muscles attached to bones or occasionally skin | Location of skeletal muscles |
| Branching, striated, generally uninucleate cells that interdigitate at specialized junction called intercalated discs | Cardiac muscle |
| As it contracts, cardiac muscle propels blood into the circulation, involuntary control | Function of cardiac muscles |
| the walls of the heart | Location of cardiac muscles |
| Spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei, no striations, cells are close together to form sheets | Smooth muscle |
| Propels substances or a baby along internal passageways, involuntary control | Function of smooth muscle |
| Mostly in the walls of hollow organs | Location of smooth muscle |
