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Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
the profession devoted to governing and to political affairs. study of power	politics
what are your rights and states rights over you	power
persons who administer the law; president,	executive
the act of governing; exercising authority	government
the rules and norms of political competition which govern who has access to power and what they do with it. constitution is our regime	regime
a more or less permanent structures domination and coordination which includes a coercive apparatus and the means to administer society and extract resources from it	the state
all citizens buy-in because the state can make you do whatever because the government is protecting you in some way Irs and army are part of the state	Coercive apparatus
power actually rests in the hands of a small number of wealthy and powerful individuals	elite theory
people can influence government through many interest groups from fighting global warming to banning abortion	pluralist theory
people can influence the direction of government and society when they organize rise up and make demands of the state	social movement theory
rules or exceptions that are socially enforced	norms
‘sets of beliefs about politics and society that help people make sense of their world’ - ‘verbal images of the good society and of the chief means of constructing such a society’	ideologies
Every State is allocated a number of votes equal to the number of senators and representatives in its U.S. Congressional delegation—two votes for its senators in the U.S. Senate plus a number of votes equal to the number of its Congressional districts.	allocate representation
a new apportionment (especially a new apportionment of congressional seats in the United States on the basis of census results)	reapportionment
the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the Colonies from Great Britain	declaration of independence
a written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states; it provided a legal symbol of their union by giving the central government no coercive power over the states or their citizens	articles of confederation
the convention of United States statesmen who drafted the United States Constitution in 1787	constitutional convention
the idea of a federal organization of more or less self-governing units	federalism
They wanna be left alone they don't wanna be taxed taxation is theft Believe highly in the idea of negative liberty Social wild west more than progressives They oppose social security, medicare, unemployment	libertarians
American exceptionalism is one of three related ideas. The first is that the history of the United States is inherently different from those of other nations.	american exceptionalism
the belief that rulers should be chosen for their superior abilities and not because of their wealth or birth	meritocracy
freedom from interference by other people	negative liberty
a level playing field where everyone has the same access to the same wealth.	economic equality
supporters of fed govt	federalists
The Virginia Plan was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. The plan was drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787	the virginia plan
The New Jersey Plan was a proposal for the structure of the United States Government presented by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15, 1787. The plan was created in response to the Virginia Plan, which called for two houses of Congress, both elected with apportionment according to population.	the new jersey plan
slave would be counted as 3/5 of a person in enslaved states	3/5 compromise
Shit that happens in the distant past still has impacts on us because you can’t change history	path dependence
The delegate model of representation is a model of a representative democracy. In this model, constituents elect their representatives as delegates for their constituency	delegate representation
he majority leader is the chief spokesperson for the majority party, as the president of the Senate is also the Vice-President of the United States, and the President pro tempore, though technically a substitute for the president of the Senate, is in reality a largely ceremonial position.	senate majority leader
A whip is an official of a political party whose task is to ensure party discipline in a legislature. This means ensuring that members of the party vote according to the party platform, rather than according to their own individual ideology or the will of their constituents. Whips are the party's "enforcers"	majority/ minority whip
Committees frequently hold hearings to receive testimony from individuals not on the committee. Hearings may be for legislative, oversight, or investigative purposes.	committee hearing
A bicameral legislature has legislators in two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses.	bicameral legislature
persons who make or amend or repeal laws	legislature
checks and balances. so one branch doesnt have more power than the other	separation of powers
a statement of fundamental rights and privileges (especially the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution)	bill of rights
(law) a tactic for delaying or obstructing legislation by making long speeches	filibuster
an inclination to favor one group or view or opinion over alternatives	partisanship
division into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions or beliefs.	polarization
A sharply polarized situation in which political parties are in fierce disagreement with each other	hyper-partisanship
Assistance provided by members of Congress to constituents who encounter a grievance with a federal agency or the federal government.	casework
Political representation is the activity of making citizens "present" in public policy making processes when political actors act in the best interest of citizens	policy representation
DescriptionCongressional oversight is oversight by the United States Congress over the Executive Branch, including the numerous U.S. federal agencies	congressional oversight
Gerrymandering is a practice intended to establish an unfair political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries, which is most commonly used in first-past-the-post electoral systems. Two principal tactics are used in gerrymandering: "cracking" and "packing	gerrymandering
An incumbent is a government official who currently holds office. Because the officeholder has name recognition, casework, campaign financing, and usually redistricting on his side, the incumbent usually has an advantage over his challenger. Seniority.	incumbency advantage
A midterm election refers to a type of election where the people can elect their representatives and other subnational officeholders in the middle of the term of the executive.	midterm elections and losses
a permanent committee	standing committee
favoring or implementing social reform or new, liberal ideas	progressives
liberal views	liberals
a supporter or advocate of a socialist system of government achieved by democratic means.	social democrats
the ideal by which equality of opportunity is available to any American, allowing the highest aspirations and goals to be achieved.	the american dream
Positive liberty is the possession of the capacity to act upon one's free will	positive liberty
joint committee of the United States Congress appointed by the House of Representatives and Senate to resolve disagreements on a particular bill	conference committees
a rule for limiting or ending debate in a deliberative body	cloture
An item whose consumption is not decided by the individual consumer but by the society as a whole which is financed by taxation	public goods
A divided government is a type of government in presidential systems, when control of the executive branch and the legislative branch is split between two parties	divided government
right to vote in political elections	sufferage
model of representation is a model for how we should understand the role of representatives	trustee representation
The Speaker is the political and parliamentary leader of the House of Representatives. ... The Speaker is simultaneously the House's presiding officer, party leader, and the institution's administrative head, among other duties.	speaker of the house
These responsibilities include speaking for the party and its policies, protecting the minority's rights, and nominating minority party Members to committees. Like the Speaker and the majority leader, the minority leader continues to serve the residents of his or her district.	senate minority leader
a high-ranking senator of the majority party who presides over the US Senate in the absence of the vice president.	president pro tempore