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level: LEVEL 4

Questions and Answers List

level questions: LEVEL 4

Question	Answer
Liquid connective tissue Erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), platelets Transport food, oxygen, waste, hormones	BLOOD
Skeletal muscles for ______ of total body weight?	40-45%
What are the types of muscle tissue?	Skeletal Cardiac Smooth
Structure: muscle cells appear striated (banded), cells are large, long, and cylindrical, with many nuclei Function: movement of the body; under voluntary control Location: attached to bone or other tissues	Skeletal Muscle
Structure: muscle cells are cylindrical and striated and have a single nucleus; branched and connected to one another by intercalated disks, which contain gap junctions Function: pumps blood; under involutary (unconscious) control Located:in the Heart	Cardiac Muscle
Structure: muscle cells are tapered at each end, are not striated, and have single nucleus Function: regulates size of organs, forces fluid through tubes, controls the amount of light entering the eye, and produces “goose bumps” in the skin, under involuntary control Location: in hollow organs such as stomach and intestine skin and eyes.	Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle cell are cylindrical and striated and have a single nucleus they are branched and connected to ona another by?	intercalated disks
Consist of neurons or nerve cells Found in brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves Controls and coordinates body movements Includes axons, dendrites, cell bodies	Nervous tissue
Nervous tissue composed of 2 elements what are those?	1. The nerve cell or neuron 2. The neuroglia
Structure: branching cells; cell processes that may be quite long extend from the nucleus-containing cell Function: transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors (muscles or glands) that control their activity. Location: brain, spinal cord, and nerves	Neurons
Glial cells carry nutrients, speed repair, provide myelin for axons, support the blood-brain barrier, and may form their own communication network. They are also involved in neurogenesis (process by which nervous system cells, the neurons, are produced by neural stem cells	Glial Cells
What are the types of neuroglia found in CNS(central nervous system)?	ependymal cells oligodendrocytes astrocytes microglia
What are the types of neuroglia found in PNS (peripheral nervous system)?	Satellite cells and schwann cells
thin sheets of tissue that cover the body, line body cavities, and cover organs within the cavities in hollow organs. They can be categorized into EPITHELIAL and CONNECTIVE tissue membrane.	Membranes
consist of epithelial tissue and the connective tissue to which it is attached	EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE
contain only connective tissue	CONNECTIVE MEMBRANE
What are the 2 types of epithelial membrane?	mucous and serous membrane
What are the 2 types of connnective membrane?	Synovial and meninges
epithelial membranes that consist of epithelial tissue that is attached to an underlying loose connective tissue These membranes,sometimes called MUCOSAE, line the body cavities that open to the outside e.g.entire digestive tract,respiratory,excretory and reproductive tracts.	Mucous Membrane
line body cavities that do not open directly to the outside, and they cover the organs located in those cavities covered by a thin layer of serous fluid that is secreted by the epithelium Serous fluid lubricates the membrane and reduces friction and abrasion when organs move against each other or against the cavity wall havespecialnamesgivenaccordingtotheir location e.g. pleura – serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and covers the lungs	Serous Membrane
-are connective tissue membranes that line the cavities of the freely movable joints such as the shoulder, elbow, and knee Like serous membranes, they line cavities that do not open to the outside they do not have a layer of epithelium -secrete synovial fluid into the joint cavity, and this lubricates the cartilage on the ends of the bones so that they can move freely and without friction.	Synovial Membranes
connective tissue covering on the brain and spinal cord, within the dorsal cavity provide protection for these vital structures	Meninges
substitution of dead cells for viable cells	Tissue Repair
what are the 2 ways of tissue repair?	Regeneration and Replacement/Fibrosis
replacement of destroyed tissue with the cells of same type (no scar)	Regeneration
replaces damaged tissue with another type of tissue, specifically the fibrous tissue (scar)	Replacement/Fibrosis
Occurs when tissues are damaged Signals the body’s defenses (white blood cells) to destroy foreign materials and damaged cells so repair can occur.	Inflammation
released after injury cause dilation of blood vessels	Chemical Mediators
What are the symptoms of inflammation?	1. Redness: blood vessels dilate 2. Heat: due to increased blood flow 3. Swelling: from water and proteins 4. Pain: nerve endings are stimulated by damage and swelling
3 steps in repair process	Inflammation Organization Regeneration & Fibrosis
Results when the agent causing injury is not removed or something else interferes with the healing process. ____________ of organs,such as the lungs,liver,or kidneys, can lead to death.	Chronic Inflammation